Banksia marginata Cav.

Silver banksia (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Proteales > Proteaceae > Banksia

Characteristics

Shrub or tree 1-12 m tall, with or without lignotuber, sometimes suckering. Bark smooth becoming finely tessellated, grey. Stems hirsute and tomentose, glabrescent. Leaves alternate; petiole 2-5 mm long; lamina linear, oblong or narrowly cuneate, 15-60 mm long, 3-13 mm wide, commonly truncate or emarginate, sometimes obtuse, rarely acute; margins slightly recurved to revolute, entire or occasionally serrate; upper surface hirsute to tomentose, glabrescent; lower surface white-tomentose. Inflorescence commonly 5-10 cm long; involucral bracts to 10 mm long, tomentose, commonly persistent. Flowers pale yellow, often grey-tinged in late bud; style pale yellow. Perianth 16-24 mm long including limb of 2.5-3.5 mm, pubescent outside, glabrous inside. Pistil straight or curved downwards, slender, 20-31 mm long, glabrous; pollen presenter 0.7-1 mm long, scarcely thickened. Old flowers usually persistent, sometimes falling. Follicles up to 150, narrowly elliptic, 7-17 mm long, 2-5 mm high, 2-4 mm wide; valves semi-elliptic, rather thin, smooth, hirsute, glabrescent. Seed obovate-cuneate, 9-15 mm long; seed body cuneate-falcate, 5-8 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, smooth to finely rugose on both sides.
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A dense bushy shrub or small tree. It can grow 1-9 m high. The bark is smooth and greyish brown. The leaves are 3-10 cm long and narrow. They are oblong and silvery underneath. The edges of the leaves can have teeth on younger leaves. The edges of older leaves can be rolled under. The flowers are small. They are yellow. They are crowded into dense spikes 10 cm long and 4 cm across. Cones turn grey with age. The fertile sections form hard brown bulges on the side of cones. The seeds have wings.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.5 - 2.5
Mature height (meter) 9.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A temperate plant. It grows in heath and light forests. It can tolerate frosts. It is resistant to salt spray. It needs good drainage. It can tolerate some shade. Hobart Botanical Gardens. It suits hardiness zones 8-10. Tasmania Herbarium. Arboretum Tasmania.
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Grows in sandy loam, clay loam, shale, peaty loam and rocky soil (quartzite, sandstone, limestone and granite); occurs in shrubland, woodland and forest, sometimes in swamps and on coastal dunes.
Sandy and clay loams, shale, peaty loam, rocky soil (quartzite, sandstone, limestone and granite). In shrubland, woodland and forest, sometimes in swamps and coastal dunes to the mountains.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-5
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 2-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-10

Usage

The nectar is sucked from the flowers. It can be washed out into water and used to make a drink.
Uses environmental use gene source material ornamental timber wood
Edible flowers nectars
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed. Cuttings also strike readily. The seed capsules open after fire.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) 18 - 32
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Banksia marginata habit picture by Daniel Grixti-Cheng (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Banksia marginata leaf picture by Christiane Denes (cc-by-sa)
Banksia marginata leaf picture by Daniel Grixti-Cheng (cc-by-sa)
Banksia marginata leaf picture by Daniel Grixti-Cheng (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Banksia marginata fruit picture by Daniel Grixti-Cheng (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Banksia marginata world distribution map, present in Australia

Conservation status

Banksia marginata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:703136-1
WFO ID wfo-0000559716
COL ID KL69
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Banksia praemorsa Sirmuellera microstachya Banksia australis Banksia depressa Banksia ferrea Banksia insularis Banksia microstachya Banksia patula Banksia gunnii Banksia hypoleuca Banksia integerrima Banksia integrifolia Banksia marcescens Banksia australis var. depressa Banksia depressa var. subintegra Banksia marginata var. humilis Banksia microstachya var. marginata Banksia marginata var. microstachya Banksia marginata var. microstachya Banksia marginata var. diffusa Banksia marginata