Barringtonia asiatica Kurz

Sea putat (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Lecythidaceae > Barringtonia

Characteristics

Trees, 7-20(-30) m tall. Leaves: petioles 0-5 mm long; lamina subsessile, obovate or obovate-oblong, 15-52 by 7-21 cm, subcoriaceous, base cuneate, margin entire, apex obtuse or rarely cuspidate, lower surface glabrous; midrib plane or prominulous above, prominulous beneath, primary veins 6-10 pairs, cladodromous, prominulous on both surfaces, branching dichotomously towards margin, intercostal veins slightly prominulous on both surfaces, reticulate. Cataphylls 1.5-3 by 0.75-1 cm long. Inflorescences terminal or subterminal racemes, erect, 2-20 cm long, with 3-20 flowers; rachis 4-6 mm diam., accrescent to 10 mm, glabrous, longitudinally striate; bracts sessile, oval, 8-20 by 4-15 mm, papyraceous; bracteoles triangular, 4-15 by 1.5-5 mm. Calyx closed in bud, apex rounded, rupturing into 2 unequal segments. Flowers with pedicels 4-8 cm; hypanthium tetragonous or slightly winged, 5-9 mm long, glabrous; sepals glabrous, 3-4 by 2-3 cm; petals elliptic, 5.5-8.5 by 2.5-4.5 cm, white; stamens white with pink, red or purple at apex, staminal whorls 6, the inner one staminodal, staminal tube 1.5-6 mm high, staminodia 2-3.5 cm; disc a thick glabrous ring, c. 1 mm high; ovary 4(-5)-locular, 4(-5) ovules per locule; style 9-13.5 cm long. Fruits ovate, 8.5-11 by 8.5-10 cm, tapering to apex, sharply tetragonous to the emarginated base. Seeds oblong, 4-5 cm long.
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Tree 7–30 m high, evergreen or deciduous, large trees may have thick buttresses. Bark fissured. Leaves: lamina obovate or obovate-oblong, (7–) 20–43 cm long, (4–) 7–20 cm wide, cuneate at base, entire margin, emarginate to mucronate at apex, coriaceous, glabrous; petiole ± absent or to 5 mm long. Racemes mostly terminal, mostly 3–7-flowered, sometimes up to 20 scented flowers; pedicels 4–8 cm long; bracts oval, 8–20 mm long; bracteoles triangular, c. 1.5–5 mm long. Bud 2–4 cm long. Calyx undivided, rupturing at anthesis into 2 unequal rounded or acuminate persistent lobes 3–4 cm long and 2–3 cm wide and tube 3 mm long. Petals 4, oblong-elliptic, 5.5–8.5 cm long, white or cream, sometimes with reddish or purplish margins. Stamens numerous, in 6 whorls, the innermost sterile; tube 1.5–6 mm long; filaments 8–15 cm long, white becoming pink, red or purplish towards apices; staminodia 2–3.5 cm long. Ovary 4-or 5-locular, 5–9 mm long; ovules 4 or 5 per locule; style 9–15 cm long. Fruit ± pyramidal, 4-angled (with 4 rounded basal lobes), smooth, 8.5–11 cm long and wide, green to brown, the apex tapering and crowned by calyx; pericarp spongy, fibrous. Seed 1, obloid, 4–5 cm long.
Trees 7-20 m tall. Branches stout; bark fissured. Leaves sessile, obovate to obovate-oblong, 20-40 × 10-20 cm, leathery, shiny, base cuneate, margin entire, apex obtuse or broadly rounded. Racemes mostly terminal, erect, 5-15 cm, 5-10(-20)-flowered; bracts ovate, 8-20 mm; bracteoles triangular, 1.5-5 mm. Pedicel 5-9 cm. Flower buds 2-4 cm in diam. Calyx undivided, rupturing at anthesis into 2 or 3 unequal, rounded or acuminate, persistent lobes 3-4 × 2-3 cm and a tube 3-5 mm. Petals 4, white, ovate or elliptic, 5-6 cm. Stamens in 6 whorls; tube 1.5-6 mm; filaments and style white, red-tipped; outer filaments 7-9 cm. Ovary 4-loculed, 5-9 mm; ovules 4 or 5 per locule; style 11-13 cm. Fruit dispersed by floating, broadly pyramidal, smooth, 9-11 cm, apex tapering and crowned by calyx; pericarp spongy, fibrous. Seed oblong, 4-5 cm. Fl. and fr. almost year-round. 2n = 26.
A small tree. It is 5-9 m tall. It can grow up to 25 m. It spreads to 3-5 m wide. The trunk is short and erect and branches occur from near the base. The leaves are 20 to 40 cm long and 10-15 cm wide and without individual leaf stalks. They are shiny light green, and larger near the tip than the base. The tip is rounded and somewhat pointed. The flowers are large and pink and white. They are 3-5 cm across. The fruit is sharply 4 and rarely 5-angled. The fruit are 12 cm across, woody and broad at one end. They contain one large seed.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 3.0 - 5.0
Mature height (meter) 7.0 - 20.0
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Flower color
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Nitrogen fixer -
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Environment

A tropical plant. They occur along the seashore throughout the islands of Asia and the Pacific. Trees often lean out over the sea. It prefers well-composted, moist, well-drained soil. It can grow easily in sandy soil. It can tolerate salty soils. It suits a protected sunny position. It is drought and frost tender. It suits hardiness zones 11-12.
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Almost exclusively littoral, it is found on sandy beaches or coral-sand flats, along rivers or in mangrove swamp at about sea-level. Trees sometimes grow further inland on calcareous hills or cliffs at elevations up to 350 metres.
Usually grows on coastal beaches, littoral rainforest. On Cocos (Keeling) Islands, grows on the lagoon margin of the main atoll in strand forest with Calophyllum inophyllum (Du Puy & Telford 1993).
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Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

The young leaf shoots may be eaten fresh. The young flowers are also eaten. The young fruit have been recorded eaten as a vegetable. Cooking destroys the saponins. CAUTION This plant is used as a fish poison. They contain saponins. The seeds are oily and toxic. They have been recorded as being cooked and eaten in Indonesia and the Andaman Islands.
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Uses Wood much used. Fruit and bark used as a fish poison. Bark, fruit and leaves used variously as a medicine to treat headaches, sores, bad dreams.
Cultivated on Christmas Island. The pounded, fresh seeds may be used as fish poison.
Uses animal food environmental use food fuel gene source invertebrate food material medicinal oil poison wood
Edible flowers fruits leaves pods seeds
Therapeutic use Tuberculosis (bark), Wounds and injuries (bark), Yaws (bark), Anthelmintics (fruit), Wounds and injuries (fruit), Yaws (fruit), Wounds and injuries (root), Antifungal agents (seed), Piscicide (unspecified), Insecticide (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from cuttings or seed. Seed need to be sown fresh. Seed germinate readily. Young trees need shade. Plants can be grown by layering.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
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Images

Habit

Barringtonia asiatica habit picture by Schnittler Martin (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Barringtonia asiatica leaf picture by zaldy martin (cc-by-sa)
Barringtonia asiatica leaf picture by ahmad qazi (cc-by-sa)
Barringtonia asiatica leaf picture by E. Mouysset (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Barringtonia asiatica flower picture by Alejandra Barbry (cc-by-sa)
Barringtonia asiatica flower picture by Gavin Keltie (cc-by-sa)
Barringtonia asiatica flower picture by Corrina (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Barringtonia asiatica fruit picture by 22Ben 22Ben (cc-by-sa)
Barringtonia asiatica fruit picture by Tucci Francesco (cc-by-sa)
Barringtonia asiatica fruit picture by Ankit Pathak (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Barringtonia asiatica world distribution map, present in Andorra, Australia, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, China, Cook Islands, Comoros, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Fiji, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Moldova (Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Mauritius, Nauru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Solomon Islands, Seychelles, Thailand, Tonga, Tuvalu, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, United States of America, Viet Nam, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, and Samoa

Conservation status

Barringtonia asiatica threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:469061-1
WFO ID wfo-0000774825
COL ID 5WDTR
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 446985
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Mitraria commersonia Michelia asiatica Agasta asiatica Agasta indica Barringtonia butonica Barringtonia speciosa Barringtonia levequii Barringtonia senequli Agasta splendida Barringtonia littorea Mammea asiatica Huttum speciosum Butonica speciosa Barringtonia asiatica