Barringtonia edulis Seem.

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Lecythidaceae > Barringtonia

Characteristics

Small branching trees, 6-15 m tall. Leaves grouped in whorls at end of branches; petioles 0.5-3 cm long, winged, slightly swollen at base; lamina obovate-oblong, 25-52 by 7-20 cm, chartaceous, base cuneate, decurrent onto petiole, margin usually wavy and entire or rarely slightly serrate-crenulate, flat, apex acuminate, acumen 5-15 mm long, lower surface glabrous; midrib plane or prominulous above, very prominent beneath, primary veins 15-20 pairs, brochidodromous, merging through network of inter-costal veins 1-4 mm from margin, intercostal veins slightly prominent on both surfaces, reticulate. Cataphylls linear-elliptic, 5-16 by 1-4 cm, caducous. Inflorescences 65-180 cm long, ramiflorous and terminal racemes, pendulous; rachis c. 5 mm diam., accrescent to 1 cm, fissured, yellowish grey-green pulverulent, 20-50 cm long, densely flowered with c. 40 flowers; bracts lanceolate. Calyx with an apical pore in bud, apex rounded, pulverulent, circumscissile, often rupturing into 2-3 elliptic lobes, 8-11 by 5-12 mm. Flowers with pedicels 0.2-0.5 cm long, not articulate; hypanthium tetragonous or not, greyish yellow pulverulent, 4-7 by 3-5 by 5-12 mm; petals 4, elliptic, 2.75-3 by 1.75-2 cm, white; stamens red, staminal whorls 5-8, the inner one staminodal, staminal tube 7-12 mm high, staminodia connate up to 8 mm, free filiform part c. 15 mm; disc annular ring, c. 0.25 mm high, c. 8 mm diam.; ovary (3-)4-locular, 2-4 ovules per locule; style 5-7 cm long. Fruits sessile, ellipsoid, truncate, tapering towards base, 4.5-9 by 2-4.5 cm, exocarp glabrous to sparsely puberulous, remains of calyx persistent; mesocarp c. 8 mm thick, woody. Seeds ovoid, c. 3 cm long, distinctly fissured.
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A small tree. It grows up to 15 m high. The trunk is 30 to 40 cm across. The bark is smooth and greyish brown. The leaves are glossy on both sides and are large. They are 17 to 45 cm long by 10 to 20 cm across. They are wedge shaped near the base, and wavy or with rounded edges, near the tip. The midrib and veins are raised on both leaf surfaces. The leaf stalk is about 1 cm long and there are 15 to 20 pairs of veins. This nut tree has flowers with stalks from a single unbranched stalk. These flower and nut stalks come from the end of the branch and hang down. The flower stalk can be up to 50 cm long and have about 40 flowers and nuts. The fruit can be 4 or 5 cm long and 2 cm across and when ripe the fruit skin colour is green. The seed kernel inside the hard shell can be 3 cm by 1 cm in size. This species is very similar to Barringtonia procera but this one has leaves with leaf stalks, the flowers are on stalks, the fruit is green when fresh and the fruit is more smooth and egg shaped.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 11.0 - 13.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. This species mainly occurs in Fiji. Other similar species occur in Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea and other Pacific countries. It occurs in forest, woodland and grassland up to 400 m above sea level.
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Dense and open forests, woodland and grassland, at elevations up to 400 metres.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

Uses The seed is edible. Many cultivars exist.
Uses food material medicinal wood
Edible fruits nuts seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Barringtonia edulis leaf picture by Tony Bryhan (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Barringtonia edulis flower picture by Tony Bryhan (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Barringtonia edulis world distribution map, present in Fiji, Latvia, Palau, Papua New Guinea, and Vanuatu

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:591196-1
WFO ID wfo-0000774870
COL ID KSBD
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 446986
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Huttum edule Barringtonia edulis Butonica edulis