Bauhinia monandra Kurz

Napoleon's plume (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Bauhinia

Characteristics

Large shrub or tree up to 15 m. Young branches rusty pubescent, later glabrous. Leaves: stipules triangular, acute, 3-6 mm long; petiole 3-6 cm; lamina broadly ovate to suborbicular, 7-20 cm in diam.; 11-13-nerved; bifid 1/3-1/2 with narrow sinus; tip of lobes rounded to acute, base cordate to truncate; upper surface glabrous, lower pubescent on the nerves. Inflorescences short, few-flowered, brownish pubescent racemes; pedicels 10-15 mm, pubescent; bracts lanceolate, c. 10 mm long; bracteoles linear, 3-6 mm long, inserted at the base of the hypanthium. Buds c. 22 by 6 mm, fusiform. Hypanthium 2.5-3 cm long, narrowly infundibuliform. Calyx tomentose, splitting spathaceous, 1.5-2 cm long. Petals obovate, 4-5 cm long, gradually tapering towards the short claw; the posterior yellow with large purple spots, the four lateral creamy coloured with pink streaks. Stamen 1 fertile; filament c. 4 cm long, hairy at the base; anther sagittate, 6 mm long; staminodes 9, c. 3 mm long. Ovary stipitate, as long as the stamen; style sparsely pubescent; stigma oblique, flattened. Pods dehiscent, linear, up to 20 by 2 cm, smooth. Seeds 10-20, flattened, oblong, black, shining, c. 1 cm diam.
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Deciduous shrub or tree to 7.5 m high. Bark smooth, grey. Stems rusty-pubescent, glabrescent. Leaves: stipules 6–7 mm long, attenuate; petiole 4–6 cm long; lamina broadly ovate to rounded, 7–15 cm long and wide, divided into acute or rounded lobes; veins pubescent below. Flowers in short racemes; pedicels 2.7–4 mm long, puberulous. Calyx 15–22 mm long, pubescent. Petals ± ovate, 45–50 mm long; 4 lower ones cream with deep red markings, turning pink-lilac; upper petal yellow with crimson speckling; claws loosely hirsute at base. Perfect stamen 1; filaments loosely hirsute; staminodes c. 3 mm long. Pistil exceeding stamens. Pod narrowly oblong, thick, raised over seeds, to 22 cm long, 2–3 cm wide, puberulous, smooth or obliquely wrinkled on side opposite suture, brown. Seeds 10–20, c. 10 mm long, flat, black, shining.
Small cultivated tree with young branches lightly pubescent. Leaves ovate-orbicular, up to 20 cm. long and almost as wide, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, glabrous above, pubescent on veins below, basally cordate to truncate, apically cleft up to 1/3 the length of the leaf, lobes blunt, rounded; petiole lightly pubescent, up to 6 cm. long, with bilobate callus at insertion of the leaf. Inflorescence a terminal few-flowered raceme. Flowers large, showy; calyx about 3 cm. long,
A deciduous tree. It grows to 7 m tall and spreads to 4 m across. The stem is slender and erect. It often forms several stems. It has widely spreading branches. The leaves have 2 lobes and are yellowish-green. The flowers are pale pink with red dots and have 5 petals and one fertile stamen. Flowers are usually of one sex. They are orchid like and are 10 cm across. They occur around stalks on the end of branches. The flowers only have one stamen. Pods are 20 cm long.
spathaceous, pubescent without, tube (including pedicellar part) slender, 2-2.5 cm. long; petals obovate-oblanceolate, 4-5 cm. long, uppermost maculate; fertile stamen 1, arcuate, about 4 cm. long, other stamens rudimentary; anther linear, versatile, sagittate, about 5 mm. long; fruit reported linear, flat, up to 22 cm. long.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality andromonoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 4.0
Mature height (meter) 7.25
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It prefers a well composted, moist, well drained soil. It grows in areas with a rainfall between 900-2,000 mm per year. It does best in a protected sunny position. It is drought and frost tender. It suits hardiness zones 11-12.
More
Not known in a truly wild situation.
Naturalised on river levees.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

Uses dye environmental use material medicinal wood
Edible flowers leaves pods seeds
Therapeutic use Common cold (leaf), Diuretic (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. Seed should be treated before sowing. It can be grown by air-layering or grafting.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21 - 42
Germination temperacture (C°) 23 - 29
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Bauhinia monandra habit picture by William Gustave (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Bauhinia monandra leaf picture by Arvind Kulkarni (cc-by-sa)
Bauhinia monandra leaf picture by olivia frassanito (cc-by-sa)
Bauhinia monandra leaf picture by VASANTH offl (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Bauhinia monandra flower picture by William Gustave (cc-by-sa)
Bauhinia monandra flower picture by Marion Frémont (cc-by-sa)
Bauhinia monandra flower picture by Arvind Kulkarni (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Bauhinia monandra fruit picture by Arvind Kulkarni (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Bauhinia monandra world distribution map, present in Angola, Australia, Burundi, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bangladesh, Brazil, Côte d'Ivoire, Cook Islands, Colombia, Fiji, Ghana, French Guiana, Indonesia, India, Liberia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mexico, Mali, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Mauritius, Malaysia, Nigeria, Niue, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Thailand, Tonga, Tanzania, United Republic of, United States of America, Viet Nam, and Zambia

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30129-2
WFO ID wfo-0000213034
COL ID L473
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447025
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Monoteles paradoxa Bauhinia punctiflora Caspariopsis monandra Bauhinia kappleri Bauhinia krugii Bauhinia porosa Caspareopsis monandra Bauhinia monandra