Bauhinia purpurea L.

Hawaiian orchid tree (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Bauhinia

Characteristics

Shrub or small tree up to 10 m. Young branches glabrescent. Leaves: stipules minute, 1-2 mm long; petiole 2-3 cm; lamina suborbicular up to 12 cm diam., 9-13-nerved; bifid 1/3-1/2 with narrow to broad sinus; tip of lobes rounded to acute, base rounded to cordate; upper surface glabrous, lower sparsely hairy. Inflorescences lateral and terminal racemes, 6-10-flowered; pedicels thick, 1-1.5 cm; bracts ovate acute, 1-2 mm long; bracteoles similar, inserted at about the middle of the pedicel. Buds clavate, velvety, greyish green, 4-5 angled mainly towards the ± twisted apex, 3-4 cm long. Hypanthium turbinate, 7-12 mm long. Calyx splitting spathaceous. Petals narrowly lanceolate, the posterior oblanceolate, 3-5 cm long, claw 5-10 mm, pink to dark purple. Stamens 3 fertile; filaments shortly connate at base, 3-4 cm long; anthers 5-7 mm long; staminodes 5 or 6, filiform, 6-10 mm long. Ovary velvety, 1 cm long, stipitate, stipe 1 cm; style short; stigma oblique, flat. Pods dehiscent, linear, 20-25 by 1.5-2.5 cm, glabrous, irregularly veined. Seeds c. 10; flat, orbicular, c. 15 mm diam.
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Trees or erect shrubs, 7-10 m tall. Bark grayish to dark brownish, thick, smooth; branches puberulent when young, later glabrous. Petiole 3-4 cm; leaf blade suborbicular, 10-15 × 9-14 cm, stiffly papery, abaxially almost glabrous, adaxially glabrous, primary veins 9-11, secondary and higher order veins protruding, base shallowly cordate, apex bifid to 1/3-1/2, lobes slightly acute or rarely rounded at apex. Inflorescence a raceme with few flowers, or a panicle with up to 20 flowers, axillary or terminal. Flower buds fusiform, 4-or 5-ridged, with an obtuse apex. Pedicel 7-12 mm. Calyx open as a spathe into 2 lobes, one with 2 teeth and other 3-toothed. Petals light pink, oblan­ceolate, 4-5 cm, clawed. Fertile stamens 3; filaments ca. as long as petals. Staminodes 5 or 6, 6-10 mm. Ovary stalked, velvety; style curved; stigma slightly enlarged, peltate. Legume linear, flat, 12-25 × 2-2.5 cm; valves woody. Seeds compressed, sub­orbicular, 12-15 mm in diam. Fl. Sep-Nov, fr. next Feb-Mar. 2n = 28.
An evergreen shrub or small tree. It grows to 4-10 m high and spreads to 2 m across. The stem is erect and slender. The branches are crooked. The leaves are green and have 2 lobes which divide the leaves for half their length. They are rounded and 7-16 cm long and the same width. The leaf stalk is 3 cm long. The flowers are purple and orchid like. They are large and can be 6 cm across. They can occur either on their own or in flowering branches and can be in the axils of leaves or at the ends of branches. The flower buds are 4-5 angled. The flower petals are reddish purple and often with coloured marks. The petals do not overlap and there are 3-4 stamens. The fruit are oblong brown pods. They are flattened and can be 25 cm long by 2 cm wide. There are 5-6 seeds. The seeds are 12-13 mm long.
Introduced, unarmed, ornamental shrub, branchlets glabrous to lightly pubes-cent. Leaves broadly orbicular, cordate to truncate basally, usually prominently 9-veined, glabrous to lightly pubescent below, up to 13 cm. long and 16 cm. broad, shallowly cleft apically, lobes obtuse, rounded; petiole angled, callous-swollen apically and basally, up to 4 cm. long. Inflorescence terminal or subterminal,
several-to many-flowered. Flowers conspicuous, 3-4 cm. long; calyx scarcely spathaceous, tube up to 1 cm. long, limb up to 2.5 cm. long; petals clawed, spatulate-obovate, about 3.5 cm. long; fertile stamens 3, glabrous; anthers linear-oblong, versatile, 7 mm. long in bud; ovary long-stipitate, densely pubescent, with a truncate stigma. Legume smooth, linear, up to about 30 cm. long.
Fertile stamens 3; flower-buds winged or ridged above; calyx-tube usually splitting into two sections; petals pinkish, reddish or purplish.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.0
Mature height (meter) 8.0 - 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It is drought and frost tender. In Nepal it grows from 300-3000 m altitude. It can grow in arid places. In the Indian Himalayas it grows between 1,300-1,400 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 11-12. In Yunnan.
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Common in the mixed and sal forests of the sub-Himalayan tract, ascending to 1,200 metres. It is characteristic of mixed deciduous forests, often of a dry type, occurring on hill slopes, in valleys, and along streams.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 3-5
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

The young leaves are cooked and eaten in India. They are used in curries. The flower buds and young fruit are cooked as a vegetable. They are also pickled. The ripe seeds are fried and eaten. The gum is edible.
Uses animal food dye environmental use fiber fibre fodder food forage fuel gene source gum material medicinal tanning timber wood
Edible flowers fruits gums leaves pods seeds stems
Therapeutic use Analgesics (bark), Anti-bacterial agents (bark), Anti-inflammatory agents (bark), Antineoplastic agents (bark), Astringents (bark), Diabetes mellitus (bark), Diarrhea (bark), Dysentery (bark), Headache (bark), Kidney diseases (bark), Thyroid diseases (bark), Ulcer (bark), Wound healing (bark), Diarrhea (flower), Dysentery (flower), Laxatives (flower), Analgesics (fruit), Anti-bacterial agents (fruit), Anti-inflammatory agents (fruit), Antineoplastic agents (fruit), Astringents (fruit), Diabetes mellitus (fruit), Diarrhea (fruit), Dysentery (fruit), Kidney diseases (fruit), Thyroid diseases (fruit), Diarrhea (leaf), Hypoglycemic agents (leaf), Jaundice (leaf), General tonic for rejuvenation (leaf), Flatulence (root), Goiter (root), Hemorrhage (root), Anemia, hemolytic (stem), Anthelmintics (stem), Dysentery (stem), Fractures, bone (stem), Hemorrhoids (stem), Anasarca (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Antidote(Alcohol) (unspecified), Antidote(Datura) (unspecified), Antidote(Fish) (unspecified), Bite(Snake) (unspecified), Bite(Tiger) (unspecified), Convulsion (unspecified), Dropsy (unspecified), Epilepsy (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Intoxication (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Rinderpest (unspecified), Septicemia (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Sting(Wasp) (unspecified), Stupefaction (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Antidote(Scorpion) (unspecified), Delirium (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Alcoholic intoxication (unspecified), Analgesics (unspecified), Anticonvulsants (unspecified), Anti-inflammatory agents (unspecified), Antirheumatic agents (unspecified), Astringents (unspecified), Bites and stings (unspecified), Balckness of lip or tongue (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Edema (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Flatulence (unspecified), Goiter (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Insecticides (unspecified), Laxatives (unspecified), Pain (unspecified), Scorpion stings (unspecified), Sepsis (unspecified), Snake bites (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. Seed need to be treated to help them grow. It can be grown by air-layering and grafting.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21 - 42
Germination temperacture (C°) 23 - 29
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Bauhinia purpurea leaf picture by Rakesh Banerjee (cc-by-sa)
Bauhinia purpurea leaf picture by Prasanta Hembram (cc-by-sa)
Bauhinia purpurea leaf picture by Prasanta Hembram (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Bauhinia purpurea flower picture by Yuriy R (cc-by-sa)
Bauhinia purpurea flower picture by Arvind Kulkarni (cc-by-sa)
Bauhinia purpurea flower picture by PANJU BORKAKATY (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Bauhinia purpurea world distribution map, present in Angola, Bangladesh, Brazil, Barbados, Brunei Darussalam, Bhutan, China, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, Fiji, Ghana, Guatemala, Hong Kong, Indonesia, India, Iraq, Kenya, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mexico, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Mozambique, Martinique, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Nigeria, Nepal, Pakistan, Panama, Pitcairn, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Singapore, Sierra Leone, El Salvador, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Uganda, United States of America, Viet Nam, South Africa, and Zambia

Conservation status

Bauhinia purpurea threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:481605-1
WFO ID wfo-0000213155
COL ID L49S
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447026
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Phanera purpurea Bauhinia castrata Bauhinia coromandeliana Bauhinia triandra Bauhinia violacea Bauhinia purpurea var. corneri Bauhinia purpurea var. violacea Caspareopsis purpurea Bauhinia purpurea