Bellis perennis L.

Lawndaisy (en), Pâquerette (fr), Pâquerette vivace (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Bellis

Characteristics

Stoloniferous rosette perennial. Basal lvs cuneately narrowed to a petiole ± = lamina, mostly spathulate, obovate or elliptic-oblong, crenate-serrate with 2-6 pairs of teeth or remote denticles, almost glabrous to moderately hairy on both surfaces, often more hairy on lower, with 1 main vein, (10)-20-60-(80) × (4)-8-20-(25) mm. Peduncle moderately to densely hairy, leafless, 3-15-(25) cm long. Capitula 15-25 mm diam. at anthesis; receptacle conic. Involucral bracts ovate-to elliptic-oblong, usually obtuse, rarely subacute, sparsely to moderately hairy. Ray florets in 1-(5) rows; ligules linear, white, often tinged pink to reddish purple on lower surface or at apex, rarely wholly pink to reddish purple, 5-8-(11) mm long. Disc florets yellow. Achenes hairy, brown with pale ribs, 1-1.3-(1.6) mm long; pappus 0.
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Herbs, perennial or annual, scapose, 10-25 cm tall; scape sparsely villosulous, strigose, sparsely, minutely stipitate glandular distally (near capitulum). Leaves basal, rosulate, petiole long, winged, blade spatulate, 2-6 × 0.9-2.8 cm, base attenuate, margin serrate to crenate, apex obtuse, sometimes retuse, mucronulate. Capitula terminal, solitary. Involucre hemispheric or broadly campanulate, 5-6 mm; phyllaries 2-seriate, subequal, oblanceolate, leaflike, surfaces sparsely villous, margin narrowly scarious, sparsely ciliate, midvein thin, translucent, apex obtuse, scarious, ciliate. Ray florets white or pinkish, lamina ca. 10 × 1 mm; disk florets yellow, ca. 2 mm, limb campanulate, ca. 1.5 mm, sparsely hairy proximally, lobes erect, triangular, ca. 0.5 mm, eglandular. Achenes strigillose. Pappus absent.
Fibrous-rooted, scapose perennial, ± spreading-hairy; lf-blades elliptic or ovate to orbicular, dentate or denticulate, to 4 × 2 cm, narrowed to a margined petiole of equal or greater length; scape 5–15 cm; disk 5–10 mm wide; rays numerous, white to pink, to 1 cm; 2n=18. A weed in lawns and waste places, intr. from n. Europe and ± established throughout n. U.S. Apr.–Nov.
A perennial herb. It only lives for a short time. They can be grown as annuals. It grows 5-20 cm high and wide. The leaves are in rosettes or rings. They are rounded at the ends and taper into the stalk. The flower stem is short and the flower heads have yellow centres surrounded by white ray florets. These can be pink or red. The flowers are 2.5-5 cm across.
Rhizomes short, erect, herbaceous. Leaves: petioles winged, equaling or longer than blades; blades 6–40 × 4–20 mm, bases ± attenuate, apices rounded. Peduncles lax, (3–)5–15(–20) cm. Phyllaries: margins ciliolate, particularly distally, apices obtuse. Ray corollas 4–8(–11) mm. Disc corollas 1.5 mm. Cypselae 1–2 mm. 2n = 18.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.15
Mature height (meter) 0.1 - 0.2
Root system fibrous-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) 0.2
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It is frost hardy. It grows in open spaces and grassland. It can grow in full sun or light shade. It will grow in average soils but they need to be well drained. Soils rich in organic matter are good. It needs a temperature of 10-13°C for germination. It suits hardiness zones 4-10. In the tropics it grows at higher altitudes. It can grow in arid places. Tasmania Herbarium. In Sichuan.
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A common plant of meadows, lawns and other grassy areas, it is very frequently found growing in lawns.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-8

Usage

Tender young leaves can be tossed in salads. They are also used as a potherb. They are also used in vegetable soups. The flowers are added to salads. They are also used for herbal tea. The flower buds are used in sandwiches, soups and salads. The flower buds are preserved in vinegar and used as a caper substitute.
Uses environmental use food medicinal ornamental potherb tea
Edible flowers leaves
Therapeutic use Antifungal agents (flower), Dermatitis (flower), Furunculosis (flower), Hepatitis (flower), Antifungal agents (leaf), Dermatitis (leaf), Hepatitis (leaf), Gastrointestinal Aid (unspecified), Blood-Vessel (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Discutient (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Frunculosis (unspecified), Hematuria (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Leucorrhea (unspecified), Pectoral (unspecified), Resolvent (unspecified), Spasm (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Vulnerary (unspecified), Hematemesis (unspecified), Pleurisy (unspecified), Breast neoplasms (unspecified), Neoplasms (unspecified), Antifungal agents (whole plant), Antirheumatic agents (whole plant), Contusions (whole plant), Diuretics (whole plant), Hematuria (whole plant), Leukorrhea (whole plant), Parasympatholytics (whole plant), Scalp dermatoses (whole plant), Sprains and strains (whole plant), Surgical wound (whole plant), Uterine contraction (whole plant), Varicose veins (whole plant), Wound healing (whole plant), Depurative (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. Seedlings can be transplanted. Plants re-seed. Plants can also be grown by division.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 10 - 15
Germination temperacture (C°) 21
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -35
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Bellis perennis habit picture by Sabina Hartmann (cc-by-sa)
Bellis perennis habit picture by Minoritos (cc-by-sa)
Bellis perennis habit picture by bas yves (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Bellis perennis leaf picture by Reynold Chollet (cc-by-sa)
Bellis perennis leaf picture by Sabina Hartmann (cc-by-sa)
Bellis perennis leaf picture by sir_alex (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Bellis perennis flower picture by Sabina Hartmann (cc-by-sa)
Bellis perennis flower picture by Marquis Lachance (cc-by-sa)
Bellis perennis flower picture by Claude Cembalo (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Bellis perennis fruit picture by Gianni Del Bufalo (cc-by-sa)
Bellis perennis fruit picture by Gianni Del Bufalo (cc-by-sa)
Bellis perennis fruit picture by Gianni Del Bufalo (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Bellis perennis world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Canada, Switzerland, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Estonia, Finland, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Morocco, Moldova (Republic of), Mexico, North Macedonia, Malta, Myanmar, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Pakistan, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, United States of America, Uzbekistan, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:184409-1
WFO ID wfo-0000072578
COL ID 5WH44
BDTFX ID 9408
INPN ID 85740
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Bellis scaposa Bellis alpina Aster bellis Bellis armena Bellis minor Erigeron perennis Bellis validula Bellis hortensis Bellis integrifolia Bellis perennis f. pumila Bellis perennis f. perennis Bellis hybrida Bellis croatica Bellis pumila Bellis perennis var. perennis Bellis perennis subsp. perennis Bellis perennis var. pusilla Bellis perennis var. subcaulescens Bellis perennis var. microcephala Bellis perennis var. fagetorum Bellis perennis var. caulescens Bellis perennis var. strobliana Bellis perennis var. tubulosa Bellis perennis var. hybrida Bellis perennis subsp. hybrida Bellis perennis var. margaritifolia Bellis perennis f. rhodoglossa Bellis perennis f. tubulosa Bellis perennis f. discoidea Bellis perennis f. plena Bellis perennis