Bergia ammannioides B.Heyne ex Roth

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Elatinaceae > Bergia

Characteristics

Annual, often branched from the base, erect, ascending or decumbent and then with erect, suberect or ascending branches, frequently somewhat woody at the base, 8-50 cm long; stems terete. Stipules erect, narrowly triangular, very acute, along the margins and on the back of the midrib rather thinly beset with short or rather longish glandular or subglandular hairs, membranous, 2½-5 mm long. Leaves elliptic-oblong, oblong or obovate-oblong, from an acute or contracted base, acute, very shortly dentate-serrate and remotely gland-ciliate, sparingly finely hairy or glabrous above, 10-40 by 2-15 mm; petiole 2-5 mm. Flowers in few-to many-flowered fascicles. Pedicels thin, very variable as to length, usually 2-12 mm, sometimes up to 22 mm long. Sepals in Malaysia always 5 (in Hindustan and Ceylon usually 3), ovate-oblong, rather long-and narrowly acuminate, concave, keeled by the strong green midrib, otherwise thinly membranous and transparent, shortly ciliate, 3-4 mm long. Petals the same number as sepals, slightly shorter than these, oval-oblong, obtuse, thinly membranous, white, 2½-3 by 1-1¼ mm. Stamens usually as many as sepals (in Java always so), narrowly subulate (in the Philippine specimens often 7-10) and the supernumerary of these then much narrower than the others, subfiliform (in dried materials often difficult to observe), rather long. Ovary ovoid. Styles in Malaysia 5, erect-recurved, ± ½ mm long (thick stigmas included). Capsule ovoid, ± 2 mm long. Seeds numerous, with a faintly prominent reticulation, light brown, ± ⅓ mm long.
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Herbs annual, 8-30 cm tall. Stem richly branched at base; branches erect or obliquely ascending, densely glandular hairy and puberulous. Stipules 2-fid, ca. 2 mm, submembranous, lobes lanceolate, margin laciniate-denticulate; leaf blade oblanceolate, obovate-lanceolate, or narrowly elliptic, 0.6-2 cm × 2-8 mm, abaxially puberulous and sparsely glandular hairy on veins, adaxially sparsely puberulous or glabrous, base oblique or attenuate, margin serrate, apex acute. Flowers numerous and clustered in leaf axils, small; pedicel 1-2 mm. Sepals narrowly ovate, 1-2 mm, abaxially often villous and glandular hairy, margin membranous, apex acuminate. Petals reddish, narrowly ovate or elliptic, subequaling sepals, apex mucronate. Stamens 5; filaments filiform, base slightly widened. Ovary ovoid; styles 5; stigmas capitate. Capsule subglobose, ca. 2 mm in diam., 5-septicidal. Seeds brown, narrowly ovoid, ca. 0.5 mm, inconspicuously reticulate-striate.
Prostrate or erect herb to 40 cm, annual. Indumentum of eglandular hairs with occasional long glandular hairs lacking a terminal globular head. Leaves narrow-elliptic to elliptic, 8–25 mm long, 3–8 mm wide, acute, glabrous or sparse hairs usually restricted to base or veins, margin serrate, veins prominent. Stipules 1.5–2 mm long, c. 0.5 mm wide at base. Flowers in dense fascicles; pedicel to 4 mm long. Bracteoles inconspicuous, at base of pedicel, linear, c. 1 mm long. Sepals 5, narrow-ovate, 1.2–2 mm long, c. 0.5 mm wide, acute to acuminate, green, pubescent, margin narrow, fimbriate, keel absent. Petals 5, ± equal to sepals, narrow-ovate, 1.5–2 mm long, c. 0.5 mm wide, acute, erect at anthesis. Stamens 5, c. 1 mm long, filament base slightly expanded. Capsule globular, 1.5–2 mm diam., 5-locular; styles c. 0.25 mm long, stigmas capitate. Seeds ellipsoid, 0.25–0.3 mm long, c. 0.15 mm wide, light brown, faintly striate.
Leaves opposite, sessile or with a very short petiole in our material not exceeding 2 mm. in length; leaf-lamina 0·6–5 × 1·5–2 cm., oblanceolate or oblong-elliptic, acute or blunt at the apex, cuneate and narrowing gradually into the petiole, margin distantly serrulate or almost entire, teeth often pink, with filamentous hyaline hairs on both sides or glabrescent; stipules 2–3 mm. long, lanceolate to subulate, membranous with ciliolate or serrulate margins.
Sepals 1–1·3 × 0·4–0·5 mm., lanceolate, acute or acuminate, somewhat keeled with the keel pilose or ciliolate, margins membranous and hyaline, ciliolate or entire or often only one margin ciliolate the entire margin being that covered by the adjacent imbricate sepal.
Small erect or decumbent annual, branched or with simple often pinkish stems, pilose with the hairs often capitate, or sometimes quite glabrous, occasionally reaching 30 cm. tall but usually a good deal less.
Flowers white or pinkish, in dense verticillate clusters, subsessile or on slender pubescent pedicels c. 1 mm. long; bracts c. 1 mm. long, linear or linear-lanceolate, membranous, ciliolate.
Ovary c. 1 mm. in diam., globose, longitudinally 5-ribbed, 5-locular, glabrous, many-ovuled; styles 5, very short, c. 0·2 mm. long, swollen and subcapitate at the stigmatic apices.
Stamens 5–12, with the alternate ones slightly longer and with filaments usually slightly broader towards the base, the longer c. 1 mm., the shorter c. 0·7 mm. long.
Petals equalling or almost equalling the sepals in length, slightly narrower, lanceolate or oblanceolate, blunt at the apex.
Seeds c. 0·4 × 0·22 mm., subcylindric with rounded ends, dark brown, shining, very minutely tessellated longitudinally.
Fruit a crustaceous capsule, 1–2 mm. in diam.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.08 - 0.35
Root system -
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Flower color
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Dry regions, from the plains up to ± 100 m above sea-level, in seasonally inundated and again dried out localities, especially in fallow paddy-fields, also on road-sides and railway-embankments, locally often very numerous.
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Grows by clay-pans, swamps, creeks and saline areas, in clay or sand.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
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Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
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Optimum temperature (C°) -
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Productivity -

Images

Bergia ammannioides unspecified picture

Distribution

Bergia ammannioides world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Angola, Anguilla, Argentina, Australia, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Botswana, Central African Republic, China, Spain, India, Israel, Japan, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Mali, Mozambique, Mauritania, Malawi, Malaysia, Namibia, Niger, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Senegal, Somalia, South Sudan, Chad, Thailand, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Timor-Leste, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Bergia ammannioides threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:324616-1
WFO ID wfo-0000564306
COL ID 68JRY
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Elatine ammannioides Bergia oryzetorum Bergia pentandra Bergia peploides Bergia ammannioides var. pentandra Bergia ammannioides Bergia ammannioides var. glaber abdallah & sa'ad