Erect to procumbent or trailing perennial or shrubby herb with several stems from woody rootstock; stems to 50 cm long, glabrous to minutely puberulous or minutely sericeous-puberulous (hairs upward-directed). Leaves often shiny (varnished), glabrous to uniformly sericeous-puberulous beneath, densest on midrib with often glabrous lamina, scabrid above, one in the whorl often much larger than the other three; lamina linear-lanceolate to elliptic, largest 2-11.5 x (0.2-)0.4-1.5 cm, with 1-20 small to large and triangular teeth per side or some (rarely all) entire. Spikes 2-8.5 cm long, 4-12-flowered; peduncle 5-30(-40) mm long, normally some or all over 10 mm, with 3-6 pairs of sterile bracts, usually all in upper half of peduncle; fertile bracts glossy, greenish to brownish, sometimes becoming partly white between veins or with white veins and edges, subglabrous to sericeous-puberulous or sericeous, often only along veins and with glabrous lamina, sometimes with longer hairs along veins, 5-7-veined from base, lower and middle elliptic-obovate or broadly so, 23-45 x 7-20(-24) mm of which the slightly to strongly recurved narrowly triangular to triangular spinose tip (6-)8-18 mm, on each side with 4-9 teeth of which the longest 4-11 mm. Bracteoles 15-28 x 0.5-2.5 mm, linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, acute to cuspidate, base slightly widened, sericeous-puberulous or sparsely so and ciliate. Sepals glabrous to sericeous-puberulous or sericeous, often only on veins and glabrous towards base, more rarely hairy to base, sometimes with longer hairs on veins, ciliate; dorsal 18-27 mm long, 3-7-veined from base, 3(-4)-veined at apex, veins branching near apex, ovate-elliptic, apical part ligulate to spathulate with truncate (rarely rounded to subacute), irregularly toothed, wavy, scarious apex; ventral 13-23 mm long, 2-5-veined from base, ovate-elliptic, narrowing to an apex with two triangular mucronate teeth 1-6 mm long (rarely with 1-2 additional central teeth); lateral 8-12 mm long, ovate, acute to cuspidate. Corolla bright blue or bright purple (rarely white), 24-37 mm long of which the tube 4-8 mm; limb broadly obovate, 13-28 mm wide, beneath finely to densely hairy all over, central lobe wider than long or same length, truncate to emarginate, narrowed at base; filaments (7-)8-12 mm long, glabrous or sparsely glandular, staminode occasionally present; appendage 1-5 mm long, straight or curved; anthers 3.5-6 mm long. Capsule 11-13 mm long, often 1-seeded; seed 5-7 x ± 4 mm.
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Prostrate shrub, not armed. Leaves linear, margins irregular spinose-dentate, revolute. Spikes ovoid. Lowest sterile bracts similar to upper fertile ones but reduced in size. Bracts ovate, membranous, glabrous, apex and margins long spinose. Flowers blue.
Prostrate or spreading shrub, unarmed. Leaves linear, up to 90 x 5 mm, margin spinose-dentate. Flowers blue.