Blighia sapida K.D.Koenig

Akee (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Sapindaceae > Blighia

Characteristics

Trees 8-15(-50) m tall; stems yellowish-tomentose when young, only sparsely pubescent in age. Leaves paripinnate; petiolules 3-7 mm long; leaflets in (3-) 4(-5) pairs, cuneate-obovate, elliptic or oblong, obtuse, rounded or short-acumi-nate at the apex, obtuse to acute at the base, 4-21 cm long, 2.5-8.5 cm wide, entire, glabrate above, villous beneath at least on the midrib. Racenes in terminal axils, simple or compound, tomentose throughout; pedicels 3-5 mm long. Flowers cream colored; calyx deeply 5(6)-lobed, the lobes narrowly ovate; petals ovate-oblong, 3.5-4.5 mm long, villous on both surfaces, ciliate; disc flattened, densely villous; stamens 8-10; ovary short stalked, densely rufous-pubescent; staminate flowers with stamens long exserted, 4-6 mm long, the filaments villous to near apex, the ovary to ca. 1 mm long; bisexual flowers with the stamens to ca. 3 mm long, the ovary ovoid, narrowly tapered to the style, the style and stigmas together to 7 mm long, equalling the ovary. Capsules oblong-obovate, obtusely 3-lobed, 6-10 cm long, yellowish to red; valves 3, fleshy, glabrate outside, densely woolly-pubescent inside; seeds usually 3, globose, to 1.8 cm diam., black, shiny, drying dark brown, borne on a fleshy white aril, the aril several times larger than the seed itself.
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Tree 10-20 m tall; stems ferruginous-tomentose, glabrescent. Leaves paripinnate or less often imparipinnate; petiole plus rachis 4-17 cm long, carinate, puberulent; leaflets 4-8 (5), opposite or nearly so, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, adaxially glabrous and lustrous, abaxially puberulent along midvein, elliptic to oblanceolate, 5-15(20) × 3-5.5(8) cm, the apex obtuse, rounded or short-acuminate, the base obtuse to subcuneate, slightly unequal, the margins entire. Inflorescence of axillary, simple or paniculate racemes, shorter than the subtending leaf, axes puberulent to tomentulose; bracts subulate, minute; flowers solitary or in depauperate dichasia. Sepals narrowly ovate, 2.5-3 mm long, green, tomentulose; petals ca. 4 mm long, white, lanceolate, tomentulose; appendage ca. 2 mm long; disc cupular, tomentose; stamens 8, ca. 6 mm long, filaments densely pubescent at base. Capsule trigonous-pyriform, 3(4)-locular, 6-8 cm long, shortly stipitate, pericarp woody, thick, outer surface glabrous, lustrous, red, the inner surface densely creamish lanose. Seeds ellipsoid, ca. 2.5 cm long, black, shiny, with an enlarged, fleshy, cream aril covering its lower third.
A small evergreen tree up to 9-13-20 m tall. It spreads to 3 m across. The stem is erect and branching. It has a spreading, open-textured crown. The leaves are dark green with 6, 8 or 10 curved leaflets. The flowers are greenish white in branched flowers stalks, in the axils of leaves. They extend upwards. The fruit are in clusters. The fruit is about 9 cm long and red when ripe. The fruit has five segments. It is roughly pear shaped. The fruit opens naturally when ripe and usually has 3 black seeds inside. These are covered with yellowish flesh called an aril. The aril is edible. The pink tissue is toxic. Unripe fruit are toxic.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 3.0
Mature height (meter) 11.0 - 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. It is native to tropical West Africa. It suits the humid tropical lowlands. It grows up to 900 m above sea level. It needs 2,000 mm of rain per year. It does best in moist, well composted soils in a sheltered, sunny position. It is drought and frost tender. It can grow in the subtropics and survive with temperatures near freezing. It suits hardiness zones 10-12.
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Seasonally dry lowland woodland. Forest outliers on the savannah and drier parts of forests.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

The fleshy white aril around the seeds is edible after the fruit opens naturally. It is often cooked by boiling in salt water. It looks like scrambled eggs after cooking. CAUTION The seeds are poisonous. The unripe aril is inedible. The pink tissue between the aril and seed is poisonous. The aril must be fully ripe before eating. It is light on the open jacket that destroys the poison. The flowers are used in the preparation of aromatic water. The young leaves are cooked and eaten.
Uses charcoal dye environmental use food fuel gene source material medicinal oil poison timber wood
Edible arils flowers fruits leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Chest pain (bark), Edema (bark), Orchitis (bark), General tonic for rejuvenation (bark), Anti-inflammatory agents (fruit), Hypoglycemic agents (fruit), Parasympatholytics (fruit), Spasm (fruit), Spermatocidal agents (fruit), Eye diseases (leaf), Eye drops (leaf), Migraine disorders (leaf), Antioxidants (seed), Hypoglycemic agents (seed), Sarcoma (seed), Ache(Rib) (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Antiemetic (unspecified), Epilepsy (unspecified), Fatality (unspecified), Massage (unspecified), Migraine (unspecified), Ophthalmia (unspecified), Orchitis (unspecified), Piscicide (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Yaws (unspecified), Yellow Fever (unspecified), Edema (unspecified), Antidote (unspecified), Conjunctivitis (unspecified), Smallpox (unspecified), Soap (unspecified), Tumor(Testicle) (unspecified), Sore (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Trees can be grown by seeds or cuttings. They can also be grafted.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 24 - 27
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Blighia sapida leaf picture by William Gustave (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Blighia sapida fruit picture by christelle szot (cc-by-sa)
Blighia sapida fruit picture by Irvince Reynolds (cc-by-sa)
Blighia sapida fruit picture by Olivier Pardo (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Blighia sapida world distribution map, present in Benin, Burkina Faso, Belize, Brazil, Barbados, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Micronesia (Federated States of), Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, India, Jamaica, Liberia, Saint Lucia, Mali, Montserrat, Martinique, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Sierra Leone, Sao Tome and Principe, Suriname, Togo, United States Minor Outlying Islands, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Blighia sapida threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:782152-1
WFO ID wfo-0000566873
COL ID M6V2
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 448298
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Akea solitaria Akeesia africana Blighia sapida Cupania sapida Sapindus obovatus Bonannia nitida Cupania akeesia Cupania edulis