Blighia unijugata Baker

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Sapindaceae > Blighia

Characteristics

Tree, probably dioecious, usually 6–9 m. but sometimes reaching 30 m. tall, with a dense crown; bark grey-brown smooth, thin, with warts and horizontal ridges; slash white, pale red or brown with white streaks; young twigs golden-hairy, glabrescent, dark grey.. Leaves reddish when young, drying bright green or brownish; petiole up to 4 cm. long; rhachis 0.6–10 cm. long; petiolules 1–2 mm. long; leaflets in (1–)2–4(–5) pairs, elliptic, oblong, obovate or oblanceolate, the upper pair 3–26 cm. long, 1.2–9.5 cm. wide (but in West Africa up to 30×13 cm.), the lowest either similar (usually when there are only 2 pairs) or as small as 2×1.2 cm., acuminate at apex and tapering or sometimes rounded at the extreme tip, the midrib visible as a raised line on the upper surface, glabrous apart from some hairs on the veins plus tufts in the nerve axils; lateral veins in 6–10(–12) pairs, curving and ending well inside the leaflet margin, usually whitish beneath, glabrous.. Inflorescences borne in axils of current leaves, 5–10 cm. long, flowers singly inserted or in cymose groups; pedicels 1–5(–10 in fruit) mm. long, pubescent.. Flowers whitish to yellow, sweet-scented; calyxdivided ± halfway, lobes 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide; petals rhomboid in outline, 1.5 mm. long, 1.5–2 mm. wide, scale bilobed, shaggy hairy.. Stamens 6–8; filaments 4.5 mm. long, the basal part strikingly white hairy.. Capsule reddish, (2–)3(–4)-gonous and-locular, 1.7–3 cm. long, 1.9–3 cm. wide, glabrescent, the angles acute or with wings up to 2 mm. broad; style and sepals persistent; endocarp pink with yellow margins, glabrous or nearly so.. Seeds, dark brown or black, ovoid 1.5–2 cm. long, 6–8 mm. wide; aril bright yellow, up to 1 cm. long.. Fig. 7.
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A tree. It can be 17-30 m tall. It grows taller in tropical places. The trunk is grey often with a red tinge. The branches are grooved and hairy and droop. The leaves are dark green. The leaves have 1-5 pairs of leaflets. These are almost opposite. They are oblong with a drawn out point. They are 4-15 cm long. The young leaflets are pink. The flowers are white and in the axils of leaves. They are in clusters 8 cm long. The fruit is a capsule are triangular in shape. These are 2.5 cm wide. They are pink and leathery. They become hard with age and split open. They are bright crimson inside with shiny black seeds. These are 1.3 cm long. The seeds are edible.
Leaves 4–10 cm. long; petiole 4–10 mm. long, hairy like the branchlets; leaflets 1–3(5)-jugate; rhachis terete, hairy like the branchlets; petiolules up to 4 mm. long; leaflet-lamina up to 15 × 6·5 cm., elliptic or oblong-elliptic or ovate-oblong, usually with tufts of hairs on the under surface in the axils of the lateral nerves, otherwise glabrous, apex usually acuminate and rounded at the tip, margin entire, base cuneate to obtuse; lateral nerves 5–8 pairs.
The flowers are often solitary towards the apex of the rhachis and in cymules towards the base so that the inflorescence is a raceme towards the apex and a racemoid thyrse towards the base.
Tree up to 25 m. tall (often much shorter in our area) or large shrub; bark dark grey; branchlets greyish-or fulvous-tomentellous or pubescent.
Fruit crimson, up to 40 × 25 mm., obovoid-pyriform with wings 1–3 mm. broad, tomentellous to pubescent when young, glabrescent.
Stamens 8–10; filaments 4 mm. long, pilose; staminodes much shorter in 9 flowers.
Inflorescences 2–6(8) cm. long, usually in the axils of fallen leaves.
Flowers white; pedicels c. 4 mm. long, elongating to 6 mm. in fruit.
Ovary 1·5 mm. long, shortly pubescent; style 1·5 mm. long, 3-lobed.
Seed black, shiny, 10 × 6 mm., cylindric-ellipsoid, glabrous.
3 shining black seeds, each a yellow aril.
Ripe fruits red or pinkish red
Flowers whitish, very fragrant
A forest tree, 10–60 ft. high
Petals 2–2·5 × 2 mm.
Sepals 1·5 mm. long.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 25.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. It is native to tropical West Africa. It grows in swamp forests and along streams. In Zimbabwe it grows up to 1,200 m above sea level. It is often on termite mounds. In Nigeria recorded at 1,440 m above sea level.
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Found mostly in moist evergreen forest, but also in semi-deciduous forest, in more dry areas in riverine forest, and in wooded grassland and then often associated with termite mounds, at elevations up to 1,900 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The leaves are cooked and eaten as a vegetable.
Uses animal food charcoal environmental use food fuel invertebrate food material medicinal poison wood
Edible fruits leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Fever (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Parturition (unspecified), Piscicide (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Tranquilizer (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

The seed germinate easily.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Blighia unijugata world distribution map, present in Angola, Burundi, Benin, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Mozambique, Malawi, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Blighia unijugata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:782153-1
WFO ID wfo-0000566874
COL ID M6V3
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Phialodiscus zambesiacus Phialodiscus plurijugatus Phialodiscus verschuerenii Phialodiscus laurentii Blighia unijugata Blighia zambesiaca Phialodiscus unijugatus