Rhizome shortly creeping, ca. 1 cm in diam., with 2 or 3 rows of fronds; scales brownish or blackish, ovate-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, subclathrate. Fronds close together; sterile fronds pinnate, 20-110 cm; stipe 10-35 cm, base ca. 3 mm in diam., grooved adaxially; lamina green to blackish, dark green when dry, ovate-lanceolate, 40-110 × 10-35 cm, herbaceous, both surfaces glabrous; terminal segment 8-30 cm; rachis with a narrow wing except for lowest part, with sparse dark brown, ovate scales; pinnae 14-30 pairs, alternate to opposite, sessile, 2-3 cm apart, elliptic, 10-14 × 2-2.5 cm, base truncate, ± symmetrical, margin lobed to 1/3-2/3 toward costa, apex rounded or acuminate; lobes 16-20 pairs, ca. 1 mm apart, 8-12 × 4-5 mm, margin usually entire or finely crenate-serrate, apex rounded, with a spine in each sinus; veinlets 6 or 7 pairs, pinnate, simple or bifurcate. Fertile fronds 16-80 cm; stipe as long as sterile ones; lamina lanceolate, 22-30 × 4-5 cm, apex caudate; pinnae 10-14 pairs, 2-3 cm apart, narrowly lanceolate, 4-5 × ca. 0.5 cm, base truncate to slightly cordate, apex acuminate, basal pairs 3-4 mm stalked. Sporangia inserted throughout abaxial surface. 2n = 82.
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Sterile fronds pinnate, 35-145 cm long; lamina index 1-4(-5), 20-115 by 10-35 cm, terminal segments 8-35 cm long, herbaceous, dark green, +-glabrescent; rachis usually with a narrow wing except for the lowest part; pinnae 14-40, index 3-7, 5.5-17.5(-21) by 1.5-5 cm, base ± symmetrical, broadly cuneate to auricled, margin lobed ⅓-⅔(-3/4) towards the costa, lobes spaced to partly overlapping, c. 6-8 mm wide at the base; terminal segment narrowly triangular, the apex usually either prolonged or flagelloid; venation pattern: secondary veins on either side with 4-6 tertiary veins, see Fig. 27h. Fertile fronds 18-85 cm long; pinnae index 2-8, 1.3-6 by 0.4-1.2 cm. Sporangia usually mainly inserted on and near the veins. Spores with a smooth cristate-undulate perispore. Chromosomes n = 41, 2n = 82.
Usually terrestrial, creeping in soil or on rocks, sometimes low-epiphytic (up to 1 m), in (hill) evergreen (monsoon) forest, obviously a rare plant, 0-1900 m.
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