Bonatea cassidea Sond.

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Orchidaceae > Bonatea

Characteristics

Erect, decumbent or scandent terrestrial herbs, 100-640 mm tall; tubers 1-8, spreading, elongate-oblong, tomentose. Stem slender, 95-630 x 1.5-5.0 mm. Leaves sometimes withered at flowering, 5-13, lax, cauline, lower leaves intermediately basal, sheathing, narrowly-obovate to oblanceolate, acute to acuminate, margins entire, rarely undulate, 20-250 x 4-19 mm. Inflorescence cylindrical, 40-212 x 34-64(-80) mm, lax to dense, 3-35-flowered; bracts sometimes withered at flowering, similar to upper leaves, sheathing, linear-oblong to ovate-lanceolate, apiculate, 10-25 x 2.5-7.5 mm. Flowers spreading, green and white, pedicel and ovary sub-erect to erect, 14-32 mm long. Dorsal sepal green, sub-erect to erect, elliptical-oblong, galeate, acute to acuminate, 7.0-13.5 x 3-5 mm; lateral sepals green, patent, strongly deflexed, oblong-lanceolate to ovate, acute to apiculate, base oblique, margins weakly to strongly revolute with small acute tooth on lower margin, 7.0-15.5 x 2.0-6.5 mm, adnate to lip and stigmatic processes for 3-6 mm. Petals upper lobe green or white, erect, linear, acute to acuminate, 6-14 x 0.5-2.0 mm, adnate to dorsal sepal, lower lobe white, spreading horizontally, weakly to strongly deflexed, falcate, lanceolate to widely-obovate, tip curved, acute to apiculate, 8.5-15.0(-19.0) x (1.5-)3.0-8.0 mm, adnate to claw of lip for 1-5 mm. Lip claw 3-9 mm, median lobe green or white, descending, weakly to strongly geniculate, filiform to linear, acute, 5.5-17.0 x 0.5-2.0 mm, lateral lobes white, descending, diverging, falcate, narrowly to broadly-oblanceolate, tips curved, apiculate, 6.5-21.0 x (1.5)2.0-6.5 mm; spur toothed, curved, 12-26 mm long, clavate apex 8-17 mm long. Anther erect, acute, 2.5-5.5 mm long, canals slender, 3.5-5.5(-9.5) mm long. Stigmatic processes clavate, projecting forwards and deflexed, weakly divergent, 3.5 7.0(-10.5) mm long, base adnate to lip. Rostellum 3-lobed, base auriculate, median lobe narrowly-cucullate, apiculate, margin ciliate, 3.0-5.5 mm long, lateral lobes linear, fused to anther canals, sub-erect to 45°, sub-parallel, 0.5-2.0(-6.5) mm long.
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Terrestrial herb, slender, geophyte, up to 0.5 m high; with oblong, tuberous roots. Leaves cauline, linear-lanceolate, attenuate, up to 170 x 12 mm. Inflorescence a lax, elongated raceme; flowers 3-21, white and green. Sepals unequal; median sepal erect, forming hood, 7-12 mm long; lateral sepals oblique and reflexed. Petals deeply 2-lobed, upper lobe narrowly linear, 8-11 mm long, lower (anterior) lobe oblanceolate, acute, 11-18 mm long, fused at base with stigmatic arms and lip. Lip 3-lobed, midlobe linear, 7-11 mm long, side lobes oblanceolate, acute, slightly longer than midlobe; spur 11-14 mm long. Flowering time Aug.-Oct.
Tuberous geophyte to 50 cm. Leaves scattered, linear-lanceolate. Flowers few to many in a lax raceme, green and white, to 40 mm long, petals bilobed, lip 3-fid, spur 11-25 mm long, stigmas ± 6 mm long.
Petals 2-lobed; upper (posterior) lobe 10–20 mm long, linear, adnate to dorsal sepal; lower (anterior) lobe 9.5–15 × 3.5–6.5 mm, obovate or semi-orbicular from a narrow base, spreading.
Leaves 10–12, sometimes starting to wither at flowering time, particularly towards the base of the plant, 10–40 × 1–3 cm, linear-lanceolate, acute, slightly falcate.
Inflorescence 5–20 cm long, several-to many-flowered; ovary and pedicel 1.8–3.2 cm long, semi-erect; bracts 2–3 cm long, ovate, acuminate.
Sepals 8.5–11 × 3.5–8 mm; dorsal sepal erect, ovate, acute, very convex; lateral sepals obliquely ovate, acute, ± rolled lengthwise.
Lip 1.6–2 cm long, 3-lobed, with claw c. 8 mm long. Mid-lobe 7–10 × 0.5–0.8 mm, linear; side lobes similar to lower petal lobes.
Column 4–6 mm long; stigmatic arms 7–9 mm long; anther canals 4–5 mm long.
Flowers green, the lower petal lobes and lip lateral lobes white.
Slender plant 25–50 cm tall.
Stem erect, leafy.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.25 - 0.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
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Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
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Optimum temperature (C°) -
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Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Bonatea cassidea world distribution map, present in eSwatini, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:617846-1
WFO ID wfo-0000349683
COL ID MH6M
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Bonatea cassidea Bonatea darwinii Bonatea saundersiae Habenaria cassidea Habenaria saundersiae