Bonatea steudneri T.Durand & Schinz

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Orchidaceae > Bonatea

Characteristics

A terrestrial herb 2.5–12.5 dm. high, glabrous except for the roots.. Tubers several, elongated, sub-cylindrical, fusiform or irregular in shape, 3–21 cm. long, 1–4 cm. in diameter, densely tomentose.. Stem erect, ± robust, leafy throughout its entire length, up to 1 cm. in diameter at the base.. Leaves 10–20, the lowest 1–3 sheath-like, the middle leaves half-spreading, lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or ovate-elliptical, acute, base of lamina ± enfolding the stem, the largest 7–19 cm. long and 3–5.5 cm. broad, decreasing in size above the middle of the stem, the uppermost smaller, similar to the bracts.. Inflorescence cylindrical or almost corymbose, 3–28 cm. long and 10–20 cm. in diameter, rather loosely 3–30-flowered.. Bracts similar to the upper leaves but thinner, lanceolate, acuminate, 2–5.5 cm. long, shorter than the ovary with pedicel.. Flowers spreading, white and green; pedicel with ovary slender, 4–7 cm. long.. Dorsal sepal erect, very convex, elliptical-lanceolate, acuminate, apex often recurved, 2–3 cm. long, 1–2 cm. broad; laterals deflexed, very obliquely broad-lanceolate, acuminate, the upper margin united for 1–2 cm. with the claw of the lip and the stigmatic branches, 2–3 cm. long and 1–1.5 cm. broad.. Petals bipartite almost to the base; posterior (upper) lobe erect, adherent to the dorsal sepal, linear, slightly curved, 1.7–2.7 cm. long, 1–2 mm. broad; anterior lobe adnate to the claw of the lip for 0.6–2 cm., then curving downwards and outwards, narrowly linear or almost filiform, 3–7 cm. long, ± 1 mm. broad.. Lip tripartite from a long narrow claw, 1.5–3 cm. long; middle lobe decurved and usually sharply bent back in the middle, linear, 2–3.5 cm. long, 1–3 mm. broad; side lobes spreading, much longer and narrower, 2.5–8.5 cm. long, 1–2 mm. broad.. Spur dependent, narrowly cylindrical with the apical part somewhat swollen, 10–21 cm. long.. Anther erect, apiculate, 1–1.8 cm. high, loculi parallel, canals slender, porrect, 1.8–2.5 cm. long.. Stigmatic arms projecting forwards, 2.2–3.2 cm. long, the lower part adnate to the lip, the free part 7–20 mm. long, club-shaped.. Rostellum placed in front of the column, 3-lobed, the middle lobe helmet-shaped with an acute often incurved apiculum, 5–8 mm. long from the base, the margins ciliolate, the side lobes slender, porrect, 1–2 cm. long.. Fig. 24, p. 138.
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Erect, decumbent or scandent terrestrial herbs, 415-981 mm tall; tubers 1-6, spreading, elongate-oblong, tomentose. Stem robust, 405-976 x 4.0-15.5 mm. Leaves 7-20, lax to dense, cauline, lower sheathing, blades reduced, oblong-lanceolate to ovate-elliptical, acuminate, margins entire, smooth to undulate, 56-154 x 16-56 mm. Inflorescence cylindrical, 92-304 x 120-289 mm, lax, 5-35-flowered; bracts sometimes withered at flowering, similar to upper leaves, sheathing, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, apiculate, 24.5-50.5 x 5.5-15.0 mm. Flowers spreading, green and white, pedicel and ovary, sub-erect, 4480 mm long. Dorsal sepal green, erect, narrowly-elliptical, galeate, acute to acuminate, 19-25 x 5.5-9.0 mm; lateral sepals green, projecting forwards, weakly to strongly deflexed, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate to apiculate, base oblique, margins weakly to strongly revolute with acute tooth on lower margin, 17.5-27.5 x 8.5-12.5 mm, adnate to lip and stigmatic processes for 7.0-17.5 mm. Petals upper lobe green, erect, linear, acute to acuminate, 18-26 x 0.5-2.0 mm, adnate to dorsal sepal, lower lobe white with green tip, spreading horizontally, strongly deflexed, linear-falcate, acuminate to apiculate, 39-75 x 0.5-2.0 mm, adnate to claw of lip for 5.0-15.5 mm. Lip green, claw 14.0-36.5 mm, median lobe descending, geniculate, apically recurved, linear-lanceolate to narrowly-oblong, acute to acuminate, 22-43 x 1.0-2.5 mm, lateral lobes descending, diverging, linear-falcate, tips curved, acuminate, 35.5-60.0 x 0.5-2.0 mm; spur toothed, 75-230 mm long, clavate apex 22-49 mm long. Anther erect, acute, 7.5-11.5 mm long, canals slender, 18.5-26.0 mm long. Stigmatic processes clavate, projecting forwards and deflexed, sub-parallel, 24.5-33.5 mm long, base adnate to lip. Rostellum 3-lobed, base auriculate, median lobe cucullate, apex incurved, apiculate, margin ciliate, 6-10 mm long, lateral lobes linear, fused to anther canals, projecting forwards to sub-erect 45°, sub-parallel, 6.0-15.5 mm long.
Petals 2-lobed almost to base; posterior lobe erect, adnate to dorsal sepal, 21–24 × 1–2 mm; anterior lobe 50–70 × c. 1 mm, adnate to claw of lip for 6–20 mm, then curving down and outwards; both lobes linear, the anterior becoming ± filiform.
Lip with basal claw 15–30 mm long, then 3-lobed; mid-lobe 20–37 × 1–3 mm, linear, tapering, decurved; side lobes 25–85 × 1–2 mm, spreading, linear, tapering, longer and narrower than mid-lobe.
Dorsal sepal erect, 2.2–2.5 × 1.4–1.6 cm, ovate, acute, very convex; lateral sepals deflexed, 2.3–2.6 × 1.1–1.3 cm, broadly lanceolate, apiculate.
Stigmatic arms projecting forwards, 22–32 mm long, the basal third to half adnate to the lip, the free part club-shaped.
Stem erect, leafy; leaves 7–12.5 × 3–4.5 cm, ovate, acute or apiculate, not overlapping, the base clasping the stem.
Inflorescence fairly laxly 3–30-flowered; ovary and pedicel 5–6 cm long; bracts ± scarious, c. 4 × 1 cm.
Rostellum placed in front of column, mid-lobe 5–8 mm long, side lobes slender, 10–20 mm long.
Terrestrial herb up to c. 110 cm tall; roots villous, thick, fleshy and tuberous.
Anther 10–18 mm high, loculi parallel; canals slender, 18–25 mm long.
Spur 10–21 cm long, pendent, slender but slightly swollen at apex.
Flowers spreading, mainly green, white in centre.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.33 - 1.04
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Bonatea steudneri habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Bonatea steudneri habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Bonatea steudneri habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Bonatea steudneri leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Bonatea steudneri leaf picture by Susan Brown (cc-by-sa)
Bonatea steudneri leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Bonatea steudneri flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Bonatea steudneri flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Bonatea steudneri flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Bonatea steudneri fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Bonatea steudneri fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Bonatea steudneri fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Bonatea steudneri world distribution map, present in Angola, Burkina Faso, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Somalia, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:617877-1
WFO ID wfo-0000350017
COL ID 68PJR
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Bicornella arabica Bonatea ugandae Bonatea arabica Bonatea kayseri Bonatea pirottae Bonatea sudanensis Habenaria arabica Habenaria ecaudata Habenaria kayseri Habenaria philippsii Habenaria steudneri Habenaria sudanensis Habenaria emini Bonatea phillipsii Bonatea emini Bonatea philippsii Bonatea steudneri