Botrychium lanceolatum (Gmel.) Ångstr.

Lanceleaf grapefern (en), Botrychium lancéolé (fr), Botryche lancéolé (fr)

Species

Pteridophytes > Ophioglossales > Ophioglossaceae > Botrychioideae > Botrychium

Characteristics

Plants 6–40 cm, wholly glabrous; blade and sporophore reflexed in bud; blade supramedial, dark green, deciduous, sessile or with a short stalk to 6 mm, deltoid, mostly 1–6 × 1–9 cm, with 2–5 pairs of ± pinnatifid pinnae, the lowest pair of pinnae much the largest, the pinnae and pinnules mostly longer than wide; sporophore 1.5–9 cm, mostly bipinnate, its stalk mostly (0.5–)1–3 cm, surpassed by the blade; 2n=90. Circumboreal, s. in Amer. to Va., W.Va., O., Minn., Colo., and Wash. July–Aug. Var. lanceolatum, a stout, fleshy plant with the lobes of the pinnae 1–5 mm wide, broad-based, and apically rounded, is a subarctic and boreal plant of mt. slopes and meadows, s. to n. Me. (B. hesperium) Var. angustisegmentum Pease & A. H. Moore, a laxer and more membranous plant with the lobes of the pinnae 1–2.5 mm wide, rather distant, narrow at the base and apically acute, occurs in moist, shady woods and margins of swamps from Nf. to Ont. and Wis., s. to Va., W.Va., and O.
More
Rhizomes shortly cylindrical, annually producing 1 frond 5-20 cm tall. Common stipe green, 4-15 cm. Sterile lamina subternate, 2-pinnatifid, medium green to yellow-green, somewhat shiny, broadly ovate-deltoid, 1-4 × 1-3 cm; pinnae lanceolate, up to 1 cm wide, deeply pinnatifid, apex acute; upper pinnae and segments of basal pinnae oblong, up to 2 cm wide; veins pinnate, free. Sporophore arising at top of common stipe, narrowly deltoid, 1-6 cm, 2-pinnate; sporangia exposed and not immersed, mostly approximate or slightly separated and covering midrib of pinnae. Spore surface tuberculate to irregularly verrucose. 2n = 90.
Trophophore stalk 0--1 mm; blade dull to shiny green to dark green, deltate, 1--2-pinnate, to 6 × 7 cm. Pinnae to 5 pairs, ascending, approximate, distance between 1st and 2d pinnae not or slightly more than between 2d and 3d pairs, linear to broadly lanceolate, entire to divided to tip, margins with distinct lobes or segments, apex acute to rounded, venation pinnate. Sporophores 1--3-pinnate, 1--2.5 times length of trophophore, divided into several equally long branches (all other botrychiums have a single stalk or 1 dominant and 2 smaller). 2 n =90.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination hydrogamy
Spread autochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.06 - 0.28
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 0.3
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light 4-5
Soil humidity 5-5
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 1-5
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-10

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Botrychium lanceolatum unspecified picture

Distribution

Botrychium lanceolatum world distribution map, present in China, France, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17061200-1
WFO ID wfo-0001109052
COL ID MPJ2
BDTFX ID 9992
INPN ID 86182
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Botrychium lanceolatum Osmunda lanceolata Botrychium lanceolatum var. lanceolatum

Lower taxons

Botrychium lanceolatum subsp. angustisegmentum Botrychium lanceolatum subsp. lanceolatum