Breynia fruticosa (L.) Müll.Arg.

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Phyllanthaceae > Breynia

Characteristics

Erect shrubs 1-3(-5) m tall, glabrous throughout; stem gray-brown; branches compressed at upper part, purple; branchlets green. Stipules triangular-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm; petiole 3-4 mm; leaf blade ovate, broadly ovate, or rhombic-ovate, 3-7 × 1.8-3.5 cm, leathery, abaxially pruinose-green, adaxially dark green, base obtuse or acute, apex (obtuse or) acute to subacuminate; lateral veins 3-8 pairs. Flowers small, solitary or 2-4-flowered in axillary clusters, male in proximal axils, female in distal axils, sometimes male and female apart, inserted in different branchlets. Male flowers: pedicels 2-3 mm; calyx turbinate, ca. 2 mm, thickened, 6-dentate at apex; stamens 3, connate into a column. Female flowers usually several per axil; pedicels ca. 2 mm; calyx campanulate, shallowly 6-fid at apex, ca. 4 mm in diam.; sepals subequal, subtruncate and apiculate at apex, much enlarged in fruit to ca. 8 mm in diam., upper part radial-spreading into disk; ovary ovoid; stigmas 3, to ca. 0.6 mm, distinctly bifid at apex, lobes recurved, elongating in fruit to 1-2 mm. Fruiting pedicel ca. 5 mm; capsules globose, 5-6 × 6-8 mm, apex rounded, without apical rim, yellowish to orange; stigmas free, undivided or apically slightly bifid. Seeds 4.6-5 × ca. 3 × 3 mm, red. Fl. year-round, fr. May-Dec.
More
A shrub. It grows up to 3.5 m high. The leaves are oval and 3-8 cm long by 2-3 cm wide. The edges are often curved back. Male and female flowers are separate.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.0
Mature height (meter) 2.0 - 3.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

The understorey of mixed evergreen or deciduous forest, dry Dipterocarp forest, scrub vegetation, forest margins, roadsides, open rocky places and along rivers on various soils, at elevations from 300-1,300 metres.
More
It is a tropical plant. It grows in sunny places on the edges of forests. In China it grows between 100-1,000 m above sea level. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
Light 4-6
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 1-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

The young shoots are cooked and eaten.
Uses medicinal
Edible leaves shoots
Therapeutic use Toothache (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Breynia fruticosa world distribution map, present in China

Conservation status

Breynia fruticosa threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:340076-1
WFO ID wfo-0001049253
COL ID 3ZC7R
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Phyllanthus introductus Phyllanthus lucens Melanthesa glaucescens Melanthesa chinensis Andrachne fruticosa Breynia fruticosa Phyllanthus simsianus Phyllanthus turbinatus