Breynia retusa (Dennst.) Alston

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Phyllanthaceae > Breynia

Characteristics

Erect shrubs 0.5-3.5 m tall, glabrous throughout; branches slender. Stipules small, 1-2 × 0.6-0.7 mm; petiole 1-2.5 mm; leaf blade elliptic to slightly obovate, 1.5-3 × 0.7-1.5 cm, papery or thinly papery, abaxially grayish green or pruinose, adaxially green, base obtuse to rounded, apex rounded to subacute, mucronulate; lateral veins 3-7 pairs, slender, obscure. Flowers solitary or rarely 2 in axillary clusters. Male flowers: pedicels slender, ca. 1.5 mm; calyx campanulate to turbinate, 2-3 mm in diam., 6-lobed; sepals rounded to oblong; stamens 3, connate into 3-angled head, ca. 2 mm. Female flowers solitary; pedicels 0.5-1.5 mm; calyx campanulate, 6-lobed, ca. 4-6 mm in diam., ca. 1.5-3 mm high; sepals ovate-oblong, enlarged to ca. 12 mm in diam. in fruit; ovary globose; style present, very stout; stigmas with 3 short forked arms, ca. 0.5 mm. Fruiting pedicel 2-6 mm; capsules globose, 5-6 × 8-10 mm, exocarp fleshy, tardily dehiscent, red and ripening brown, apex smooth or with a shallow ring. Seeds 3.6-4 × 2.2-2.8 × 2.2-2.8 mm, yellow to red. Fl. Mar-Oct, fr. Feb-Mar, Jul-Aug.
Life form -
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 4.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity 1-9
Soil texture 3-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Tumor (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Breynia retusa leaf picture by Augustin Soulard (cc-by-sa)
Breynia retusa leaf picture by Augustin Soulard (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Breynia retusa flower picture by samuel macarty (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Breynia retusa fruit picture by Gauri Achari (cc-by-sa)
Breynia retusa fruit picture by dominoel dominoel (cc-by-sa)
Breynia retusa fruit picture by Augustin Soulard (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Breynia retusa world distribution map, present in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Indonesia, India, Kenya, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, Nepal, Réunion, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Breynia retusa threat status: Critically Endangered

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:340099-1
WFO ID wfo-0000414213
COL ID 692R9
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 656499
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Melanthesa turbinata Melanthesopsis patens Melanthesopsis variabilis Melanthesa obliqua Melanthesa retusa Phyllanthus naviluri Phyllanthus pomaceus Sauropus elegantissimus Breynia patens Breynia turbinata Breynia angustifolia Breynia hyposauropus Phyllanthus patens Phyllanthus suffultus Breynia patens Phyllanthus retusus Melanthesopsis patens var. oblongifolia Melanthesopsis patens var. turbinata Melanthesopsis patens var. vulgaris Breynia microphylla var. angustifolia Phyllanthus turbinatus Breynia retusa