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Male flowers: pedicels c. 1 mm long, pubescent; sepals c. 2 × 1 mm, triangular-ovate, acute, pubescent without at the base, otherwise glabrous, often pinkish or purplish-tinged; petals 0.75 × 0.75 mm, spathulate, somewhat erose at the apex; disk 1.5 mm in diameter, annular, verruculose, ± entire; staminal column 1 mm high; anthers 0.75 mm long; pistillode 1 mm tall, ampulliform, bifid at the apex.
A shrub or small tree. It grows 8-12 m high. It has a straight trunk up to 45 cm across. The leaves are narrowly sword shaped. The veins are obvious on both surfaces. There are fine hairs along the veins. The flowers are in clusters in the axils of leaves. The flowers are very small and greenish-yellow. The fruit is like a berry. It is dark brown when ripe.
Female flowers subsessile or very shortly pedicellate; sepals ± as in the male; petals 0.5 × 0.5 mm, spathulate, subentire; outer disk as in the male; inner disk 3-lobed, lobes c. 1 × 1 mm, ± triangular, toothed at apex; ovary 1 × 0.75 mm, ovoid, 2-celled, styles 2, c. 1 mm long, ± free, bifid, stigmas ± smooth.
Fruit 6–8 × 5–6(7) mm when dried, obovoid-ellipsoid, 1-locular by abortion, green at first, blackish-brown when ripe.
Stipules 3–8 mm long, narrowly lanceolate, acutely acuminate, evenly to sparingly pubescent, soon falling.
Young shoots and petioles evenly to sparingly puberulous, later glabrescent, or else quite glabrous.
A forest tree up to 20 m high with a straight trunk up to 45 cm in diameter.
Twigs brown to dark purplish-brown, sparingly lenticellate.
A forest shrub or tree, to 20 ft. high, with spiny stem.
Seed 4 mm long, smooth, shiny, chestnut-brown.
Bark pale grey, ± smooth or rough.
Petioles 2–8 mm long.
Branches spiny.
Heartwood dark.
