Bryum turbinatum (Hedw.) Turner

Plants medium-sized, loosely caespitose or caespitose, green, yellow-green or reddish green above, brown and frequently shiny below; terricolous. Stems 4-45 mm tall, branching by subperichaetial innovations, red or red-brown, frequently tomentose below; rhizoids red-brown, papillose. Leaves crowded above, frequently distant below, erect and slightly twisted dry, erect-spreading to widespreading wet, generally concave; ovate, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, (0.8-)1.2-2.5 mm long; apex acuminate; margins rarely decurrent, plane above, plane or narrowly recurved below, entire or denticulate above; border indistinct, 1-4 cells wide, cells linear-rhomboidal to linear, incrassate, unistratose to bistratose. Costa mucronate, cuspidate or short excurrent, awn 30-260 µm long; in section round to subround, lamina inserted ventrally, ventral surface cells differentiated, dorsal stereid band strong, stereids in 2-4 rows, dorsal surface cells incrassate, hydroids present between stereid band and guide cells. Upper laminal cells rhomboidal, generally thin-walled, 42-88 µm long, 15-28 µm wide; basal cells quadrate to rectangular, frequently bulging, occasionally reddish below. Propagulae occasionally present, bud-like, axillary. Dioicous. Perichaetia terminal, leaves lanceolate or narrowly triangular, margins recurved below, border indistinct. Seta 15-35 mm long, yellowish brown or reddish brown; capsule pendulous, shortly pyriform, frequently contracted below mouth when dry, yellowish brown to red-brown, urn 0.6-1.4 mm long, neck 0.8-2.0 mm long, wrinkled when dry; exothecial cells irregular in shape, incrassate, smaller towards mouth; peristome double, exostome teeth narrowly oblong-acuminate, yellow below, hyaline above, minutely papillose, endostome segments tapered above, broadly perforated, cilia 2-3, appendiculate, basal membrane high, yellowish, minutely papillose; operculum conical; calyptra not seen; spores 15-23 µm, pale, minutely granulose.