Plants small to large, in loose or compact tufts or forming extensive paches or mats, green, brown, yellowish, olive green, less often blackish brown or occasionally jet-black. Stems erect, decumbent or creeping, much dichotomously to irregularly, sometimes (sub-)pinnately branched, rarely almost simple and unbranched. Leaves lanceolate, oblong-or ovate-lanceolate, concave proximally, canaliculate to carinate distally; margins 1-stratose to variously multistratose, variously recurved to revolute on one or both sides, entire; apices acute or occasionally narrowly obtuse, entire or very seldom crenulate, long-piliferous to short-hyaline-tipped or sometimes epilose, if present, hyaline to yellowish hyaline, never papillose; costa single, percurrent, semi-terete in the distal and median parts, reniform to strongly flattened in the proximal portion, 2-to multistratose, with 2 to many enlarged, adaxial epidermal cells and small, substereid or stereid central and abaxial cells; laminal cells 1-stratose throughout or variously multistratose in the distal half, with moderately to strongly incrassate, sinuose to nodulose lateral walls, smooth or often pseudopapillose; basal laminal cells elongate, long-rectangular to linear; distal laminal cells quadrate, rounded-quadrate, oblate to rectangular. Inner perichaetial leaves not or strongly modified, often entirely hyaline to yellowish hyaline. Seta 1-3 per perichaetium, erect, twisted clockwise distally, smooth. Capsule brown, castaneous or blackish brown, straight, symmetric, ovoid, ellipsoid, obloid to narrowly cylindric, narrowed at the mouth, without or with an indistinct neck; exothecial cells variable in size and shape, subquadrate to oblong, with thin to thick, straight or flexuose walls; annulus compound, abruptly or tardily deciduous, 2-4-seriate; operculum straight or slanted, conic-rostrate or long-rostellate; peristome teeth lanceolate to triangular, reddish brown or brown, cleft into 2-3 filiform, terete prongs in the distal half, occasionally 2-fid nearly to the base. Calyptra 4-5-lobed at the base, naked. Spores spheric, finely granular to coarsely papillose.
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