Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) C.B.Clarke

Watergrass (en), Bulbostyle (fr), Bulbostyle barbu (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Cyperaceae > Bulbostylis

Characteristics

Rhizomes absent. Culms densely tufted, 0.6-3 cm tall, 0.5-0.8 mm thick, erect, smooth. Leaf sheath brownish, 0.5-2 cm, thinly membranous, glabrous, mouth white hyaline and with scattered long hairs; leaf blade filiform, 4-10 cm × 4-8 mm, abaxially glabrous or sometimes sparsely pilose, margin entire, apex acuminate. Involucral bracts 2 or 3, setaceous, 1-2.5 cm or ± short, very slender, abaxially glabrous or with scattered hairs. Inflorescences terminal, capitate, 5-12 mm thick, with 3-15 sessile spikelets. Spikelets narrowly ovoid, 3-6.5 × 1-1.5 mm, angular, 7-13-flowered, base obtuse to subrounded, apex acute. Glumes brownish to yellowish green turning eventually pale brownish, ovate to nearly broadly ovate, 1.5-2 × 1-1.5 mm, keeled, membranous, apically occasionally pubescent, margin ciliolate, apex with a recurved short awn. Stamens 1(or 2); anther oblong, apex acute. Style filiform; stigmas 3. Nutlet pale brown to yellowish, obovoid-globose, ca. 0.8 × 0.5-0.6 mm, 3-sided, obscurely tuberculate with transversely rectangular cells, apex rounded to emarginate; persistent style base depressed globose. Fl. and fr. Jun-Nov. 2n = 10.
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Stems setaceous, glabrous and smooth, 5-30 cm by ¼-⅓ mm. Leaves much shorter than the stems, capillary, glabrous (except for the long white hairs at the orifice of the sheaths), smooth or slightly scaberulous at the top, ¼-⅓ mm wide. Inflorescence capitate, hemispherical, with (1-)3-20 spikelets, 5-15 mm across. Involucral bracts 1-3, somewhat shorter to much longer than the inflorescence, filiform, with dilated scarious base, 5-20 mm. Spikelets sessile, ovate to oblong, acute, 3-8 by 1-1½ mm. Glumes membranous, ovate, mucronulate (mucro finally excurved), strongly keeled, with nerve-less sides and minutely ciliolate margins, otherwise glabrous or but slightly puberulous, rusty brown with green keel, 1½-2¼ by 1¼-1½ mm. Stamen 1; anther oblong-linear, c. ½ mm. Style ¾-1 mm; stigmas 3, shorter than the style. Nut triquetrous, broadly obovate, smooth, finely reticulate by the minute isodiametric epidermal cells, whitish to stramineous, 0.5-0.75 by 0.4-0.6 mm.
Herbs, annual, densely cespitose, scapose, low. Culms 5–20(–30) cm. Leaves to 2/3 length of scapes; sheaths greenish or tan, glabrous or hispidulous on ribs; blades spreading, filiform, 0.5 mm wide, involute, margins scabridulous. Inflorescences: scapes filiform, coarsely few ribbed, to 0.5 mm thick; spikelets in terminal headlike, involucrate clusters, 1–1.5 cm wide; involucral bracts with setaceous blades rarely exceeding inflorescence. Spikelets red to red-brown or dull brown, lance-ovoid to lanceoloid or linear oblong; fertile scales lanceolate, keeled, 1.2–2.2 mm, glabrous, midrib excurrent as mucro. Flowers: stamens 1; anthers oblong, 1 mm. Achenes trigonous, obovoid, 0.5–0.6 mm, angles often sharp, faces flat or slightly concave, finely reticulate; tubercle a small button. 2n = 10.
A tufted annual sedge. It grows 2-35 cm high. The stems are 4-6 angled and grooved. The leaves are about half the length of the stem. The leaves roll inward and look like stems. There can be a few or many flowering stalks. They are in a head. The flowers are brown. The nuts are about 0.6 mm. They are triangle shaped.
Acute radiating spikelets in a hemispherical head
Tufted annual 5–20 cm. high
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.05 - 0.2
Root system fibrous-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

In open dry sandy places, locally sometimes abundant, often near the sea: dunes, fields, savan-nahs, sometimes on rocks, usually at low altitudes (e.g. in Java up to 250 m, in Flores at 1000 m, in Papua up to 450 m); according to MERRILL in the Philippines ascending to 1500 m; a specimen from Luzon (Benguet Subprov., MEARNS BS 4257) was collected at 2100 m.
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It is a tropical and subtropical plant. It grows in sand and loam as well as on sandstone and in rocky crevices. In China it grows on sandy beaches between 100-2,000 m above sea level.
Weed, particularly on sandy soil.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 5-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible roots seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Bulbostylis barbata leaf picture by Mayland Muhammad Hanbal (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Bulbostylis barbata world distribution map, present in Angola, Åland Islands, Benin, Bangladesh, Belize, Central African Republic, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ethiopia, France, Georgia, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guatemala, Indonesia, Japan, Kenya, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Sri Lanka, Moldova (Republic of), Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Réunion, Sudan, Senegal, Somalia, Seychelles, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:298125-1
WFO ID wfo-0000342079
COL ID 5WS5B
BDTFX ID 11426
INPN ID 86949
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Abildgaardia barbata Bulbostylis barbata Cyperus barbata Iria barbata Isolepis barbata Fimbristylis barbata Stenophyllus barbatus Scirpus barbatus Stenophyllus barbatus Stenophyllus barbatus

Lower taxons

Bulbostylis barbata subsp. barbata Bulbostylis barbata subsp. pulchella