Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze

Bengal kino (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Butea

Characteristics

Trees, 10-20 m tall. Trunk to 30 cm d.b.h. Bark grayish black. Petiole ca. 10 cm, robust; stipels subulate, ca. 1.5 mm; petiolules robust, ca. 8 mm; leaflets unequal, thickly leathery, rough on both surfaces, puberulent along veins abaxially, gla­brous adaxially, lateral veins 6 or 7 pairs, like midrib raised abaxially, reticulate veins distinct and with conspicuous areoles abaxially; terminal leaflet broadly obovate or suborbicular, 14-17 × 12-15 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex rounded or emar­ginate; lateral leaflets narrowly ovate or oblong, 11.5-16 × 8.5-10 cm, asymmetric, base rounded, apex obtuse or emarginate. Racemes or panicles axillary or at nodes of leafless branches; rachis, pedicels, and calyx outside densely brown or blackish brown velutinous. Calyx 1-1.2 cm, densely silvery gray on both surfaces or light brown pubescent inside. Corolla orange-red, becoming yellow later, ca. 3 × as long as calyx; standard nar­rowly ovate, recurved, 4-4.5 cm; wings narrowly falcate, ca. 4 cm, like keel with rounded auricles at base; keel broadly falcate, 5-5.5 cm, connate into an arcuate ridge, densely silvery gray velutinous. Anthers oblong. Ovary densely velutinous. Leg­umes 12-15 × 3.5-4 cm, adpressed silvery gray puberulent, apex rounded; stipe 12-15 mm. Seed reddish brown, broadly reniform or reniform-orbicular, compressed, ca. 2.7 × 3.3-3.6 cm. Fl. Mar-Apr.
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A strongly branched tree. It has an irregular trunk. It becomes twisted with age. It grows 8 to 15 m high and spreads to 3-5 m wide. The cut bark yields a red gum. The leaves are leathery but with a silky back. They consist of 3 diamond shaped leaflets. These are 10-20 cm long by 4-20 cm wide and on stalks almost as long. The flowers are on equal length stalks around a common axis. These are 15 cm long and have rich red flowers with silver hairs. The flowers are 3-4 cm long. The flower stalks appear along the bare branches. The fruit is oblong and 10-20 cm long by 3-6 cm wide. They are flat, thin pods with silvery hairs. The seed are produced towards the top end of the pod. The seeds are 3.5 cm long by 2.5 cm wide and very flattened.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support climber free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 3.0 - 5.0
Mature height (meter) 10.0 - 20.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 3.35
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It is native to India, Burma and Sri Lanka. They are frost tender. It grows in the Himalayas up to 1,220 m altitude. It can grow on gravels or plains soils. It needs a well-drained soil. It needs full sun. It can tolerate some soil salinity. It suits hardiness zones 11-12. In Yunnan.
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Found throughout the drier parts of India, often gregarious in forests, open grasslands and wastelands. A characteristic tree of the plains, it often forms pure patches in grazing grounds and other open places.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-5
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

The root has been recorded as eaten in India and Cambodia. The succulent young roots are roasted or boiled and eaten with salt. The flowers are cooked and eaten as a vegetable.
Uses animal food charcoal dye environmental use experimental purposes fiber fodder food forage forestry fuel gum human nutrition invertebrate food material medicinal non-vertebrate poison oil ornamental poison religious tanning tea wood
Edible flowers gums leaves pods roots
Therapeutic use Abdominal neoplasms (bark), Abdominal pain (bark), Abortifacient agents (bark), Acne vulgaris (bark), Amenorrhea (bark), Analgesics (bark), Anorexia (bark), Anthelmintics (bark), Anti-bacterial agents (bark), Antifungal agents (bark), Anti-inflammatory agents (bark), Antineoplastic agents (bark), Aphrodisiacs (bark), Appetite stimulants (bark), Asthma (bark), Astringents (bark), Celiac disease (bark), Colic (bark), Common cold (bark), Contusions (bark), Diabetes mellitus (bark), Diarrhea (bark), Diuretics (bark), Dysentery (bark), Dysmenorrhea (bark), Dyspepsia (bark), Disorder of ejaculation (bark), Emollients (bark), Erysipelas (bark), Fever (bark), Fractures, bone (bark), Furunculosis (bark), Gonorrhea (bark), Hematuria (bark), Hemorrhage (bark), Hemorrhoids (bark), Hemostatics (bark), Insecticides (bark), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (bark), Laxatives (bark), Liver diseases (bark), Menstruation disturbances (bark), Neoplasms (bark), Pharyngitis (bark), Rectal diseases (bark), General tonic for rejuvenation (bark), Snake bites (bark), Stomach diseases (bark), Hydrocele (bark), Ulcer (bark), Wounds and injuries (bark), Bladder hemorrhage (bark), Malabsorption syndromes (bark), Acne vulgaris (flower), Anthelmintics (flower), Anti-bacterial agents (flower), Antiemetics (flower), Antifungal agents (flower), Anti-infective agents, local (flower), Anti-inflammatory agents (flower), Antipyretics (flower), Antispermatogenic agents (flower), Antitussive agents (flower), Aphrodisiacs (flower), Arthritis (flower), Astringents (flower), Constipation (flower), Contraceptive agents (flower), Contusions (flower), Diarrhea (flower), Diuretics (flower), Dysentery (flower), Dysuria (flower), Edema (flower), Endophthalmitis (flower), Estrogen receptor modulators (flower), Fever (flower), Fractures, bone (flower), Furunculosis (flower), Gonorrhea (flower), Gout (flower), Hematuria (flower), Hemoptysis (flower), Hemorrhage (flower), Hemostasis (flower), Hemostatics (flower), Inflammation (flower), Leprosy (flower), Leukorrhea (flower), Liver diseases (flower), Low back pain (flower), Menorrhagia (flower), Menstruation disturbances (flower), Menstruation-inducing agents (flower), Orchitis (flower), Pain (flower), Puerperal disorders (flower), General tonic for rejuvenation (flower), Skin diseases (flower), Sprains and strains (flower), Stroke (flower), Sunstroke (flower), Thirst (flower), Ulcer (flower), Urinary bladder calculi (flower), Urination disorders (flower), Vomiting (flower), Wound healing (flower), Depurative (flower), Anthelmintics (fruit), Diuretics (fruit), Hemorrhage (fruit), Insecticides (fruit), Acne vulgaris (leaf), Analgesics (leaf), Anthelmintics (leaf), Anti-bacterial agents (leaf), Antifungal agents (leaf), Anti-infective agents (leaf), Anti-inflammatory agents (leaf), Antipyretics (leaf), Aphrodisiacs (leaf), Arthralgia (leaf), Astringents (leaf), Colic (leaf), Contraceptive agents (leaf), Cough (leaf), Diabetes mellitus (leaf), Diarrhea (leaf), Diuretics (leaf), Dysentery (leaf), Endophthalmitis (leaf), Flatulence (leaf), Furunculosis (leaf), Hemorrhage (leaf), Hemorrhoids (leaf), Inflammation (leaf), Neoplasms (leaf), General tonic for rejuvenation (leaf), Skin diseases (leaf), Spasm (leaf), Acne vulgaris (plant exudate), Antifungal agents (plant exudate), Anti-inflammatory agents (plant exudate), Aphrodisiacs (plant exudate), Asthenia (plant exudate), Astringents (plant exudate), Back pain (plant exudate), Contusions (plant exudate), Cough (plant exudate), Diabetes mellitus (plant exudate), Diarrhea (plant exudate), Diuretics (plant exudate), Dysentery (plant exudate), Dyspepsia (plant exudate), Disorder of ejaculation (plant exudate), Erysipelas (plant exudate), Fever (plant exudate), Gastrointestinal diseases (plant exudate), Hematemesis (plant exudate), Hemoptysis (plant exudate), Hemorrhage (plant exudate), Hemorrhoids (plant exudate), Hemostasis (plant exudate), Jaundice (plant exudate), Leprosy (plant exudate), Leukorrhea (plant exudate), Menorrhagia (plant exudate), Pain (plant exudate), Periodontal diseases (plant exudate), Pharyngitis (plant exudate), General tonic for rejuvenation (plant exudate), Skin diseases (plant exudate), Stomach diseases (plant exudate), Suppuration (plant exudate), Tuberculosis, pulmonary (plant exudate), Ulcer (plant exudate), Bladder hemorrhage (plant exudate), Abdominal pain (root), Analgesics (root), Anthelmintics (root), Anti-inflammatory agents (root), Aphrodisiacs (root), Celiac disease (root), Common cold (root), Contraceptive agents (root), Edema (root), Elephantiasis (root), Goiter (root), Hemorrhage (root), Hemorrhoids (root), Leprosy (root), Liver diseases (root), Neoplasms (root), Night blindness (root), Pregnancy complications (root), Premature ejaculation (root), Sterilization, reproductive (root), Ulcer (root), Visual perception (root), Abdominal neoplasms (seed), Abortifacient agents (seed), Amenorrhea (seed), Anthelmintics (seed), Anti-bacterial agents (seed), Antifungal agents (seed), Anti-inflammatory agents (seed), Antiparasitic agents (seed), Arthritis (seed), Asthma (seed), Astringents (seed), Contraceptive agents (seed), Cystitis (seed), Delirium (seed), Diabetes mellitus (seed), Diarrhea (seed), Diuretics (seed), Dysuria (seed), Epilepsy (seed), Erythrocyte aggregation (seed), Eye diseases (seed), Flatulence (seed), Graves ophthalmopathy (seed), Hemagglutination (seed), Hematuria (seed), Hemorrhage (seed), Hemorrhoids (seed), Hemostatics (seed), Herpes simplex (seed), Hymenolepiasis (seed), Hypnotics and sedatives (seed), Hypotension (seed), Insecticides (seed), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (seed), Counterirritant (seed), Kidney calculi (seed), Menstruation disturbances (seed), General tonic for rejuvenation (seed), Skin diseases (seed), Snake bites (seed), Ulcer (seed), Ureteral calculi (seed), Urologic diseases (seed), Cooling effect on body (seed), Contraceptive agents (shoot), Astringents (stem), Diarrhea (stem), Dysentery (stem), Astringent (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Dhobi Itch (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Gravel (unspecified), Herpes (unspecified), Itch (unspecified), Menorrhagia (unspecified), Ophthalmia (unspecified), Aphrodisiac (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Rubefacient (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Anthelmintics (unspecified), Anti-bacterial agents (unspecified), Ascariasis (unspecified), Contraceptive agents (unspecified), Diabetes mellitus (unspecified), Flatulence (unspecified), Helminthiasis (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Hemorrhoids (unspecified), Hepatomegaly (unspecified), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (unspecified), Kidney calculi (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Splenomegaly (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified), Vaginal diseases (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. They should be planted as soon as they ripen. The seedlings can be transplanted after 2-3 years.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) 20 - 38
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Butea monosperma habit picture by Prasanta Hembram (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Butea monosperma leaf picture by SANTOSH YADAV (cc-by-sa)
Butea monosperma leaf picture by Uzair Bhaur (cc-by-sa)
Butea monosperma leaf picture by Sudhanshu Kumar (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Butea monosperma flower picture by Anil Kumar (cc-by-sa)
Butea monosperma flower picture by Sudhanshu Kumar (cc-by-sa)
Butea monosperma flower picture by Sudhanshu Kumar (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Butea monosperma world distribution map, present in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Dominica, Indonesia, India, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Butea monosperma threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:482566-1
WFO ID wfo-0000184561
COL ID 6965S
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Butea monosperma Erythrina monosperma Butea frondosa Butea frondosa Erythrina polysperma Butea braamiana Corallodendron monospermum Plaso monosperma Butea braamania Kennedia monosperma Plaso frondosa Butea frondosa var. lutea Plaso monosperma var. flava Plaso monosperma var. rubra Rudolphia frondosa