Butomus umbellatus L.

Flowering-rush (en), Jonc fleuri (fr), Carélé (fr), Butome en ombelle (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Alismatales > Butomaceae > Butomus

Characteristics

Leaves twisted, 30-120 cm × 3-10 mm, apex acuminate. Scapes terete, ca. 70 cm; bracts ovate, apex acuminate. Flowers numerous; pedicels 4-10 cm. Sepals pinkish white, greenish outside along midvein. Petals pinkish white. Filaments flat-tened, broadened toward base. Styles curved. Seeds small. Fl. and fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 20 or 40, with aneuploid counts of 16, 22, 24, 26, 28, 39, 42.
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Lvs basal, erect, floating, or submersed in water up to several m deep, linear, to 1 m, 5–10 mm wide; scape 1–1.5+ m; fls numerous, 2–2.5 cm wide, on pedicels 5–10 cm;2n=20, 26, 39. Native of Eurasia, thoroughly established on shores and riverbanks in the St. Lawrence R. valley and in Lake Champlain, and more recently spread inland, even to N.D., S.D., Mont., and Ida. June–Aug.
A rush which grows 1.5 m tall and spreads 75 cm wide. It has underground stems or rhizomes. The leaves are long, pointed and dark green. They can be 1 m long and 1.3 cm wide and twisted. The base is triangle shaped forming a sheath. The flowers are borne in umbels. The flower stalks are round and in the axils of leaves. They can be 1.5 m high. The flowers are reddish-white.
Herbs, to 150 cm. Leaves linear, to 2.7 m. Inflorescences with 20--25 flowers; scape to 150 cm. Flowers 2--2.5 cm wide; pedicels 4--10 cm; outer tepals elliptic, 6--7.5 × 2--2.5 mm, apex acute, inner tepals oblanceolate, 9--11.5 × 4.5--6 mm, apex obtuse, erose; filaments 3--4.5 mm, anthers 1 mm. Follicles 1 cm.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support aquatic free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread hydrochory
Mature width (meter) 0.5
Mature height (meter) 1.0 - 1.35
Root system fibrous-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows in shallow water in ditches and along the edges of rivers. It does best in mud or shallow water no deeper than 8-13 cm. It is damaged by drought and frost. It suits hardiness zones 5-9.
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Pond margins, ditches and canals, avoiding shade. Plants can tolerate water as deep or deeper than 2 metres, extending to the deepest range of emergent marsh species.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 9-12
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The root/rhizome is washed, steamed, sun-dried then baked or made into flour. It is eaten as a vegetable or with other grain cereals.
Uses environmental use food material medicinal ornamental
Edible roots seeds tubers
Therapeutic use Veterinary Aid (bark), Pharyngitis (leaf), Intestinal diseases (root)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by root division.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -29
Optimum temperature (C°) 15 - 24
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Butomus umbellatus habit picture by Daniel Bourget (cc-by-sa)
Butomus umbellatus habit picture by cscoq (cc-by-sa)
Butomus umbellatus habit picture by Tomaž Jančar (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Butomus umbellatus leaf picture by Надежда Надежда (cc-by-sa)
Butomus umbellatus leaf picture by Maria-Laura Balaban (cc-by-sa)
Butomus umbellatus leaf picture by Miroslav Cikan (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Butomus umbellatus flower picture by meijer barbara (cc-by-sa)
Butomus umbellatus flower picture by Luuk van Buul (cc-by-sa)
Butomus umbellatus flower picture by Vic C (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Butomus umbellatus fruit picture by Анатолий Петриченко (cc-by-sa)
Butomus umbellatus fruit picture by Rina Jeger (cc-by-sa)
Butomus umbellatus fruit picture by John Brennan (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Butomus umbellatus world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Spain, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Morocco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Palau, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Sweden, Turks and Caicos Islands, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Ukraine, United States of America, and Uzbekistan

Conservation status

Butomus umbellatus threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:58290-1
WFO ID wfo-0000762573
COL ID NZ5R
BDTFX ID 11684
INPN ID 87136
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Butomus floridus Butomus caesalpini Butomus scutariensis Butomus vulgaris Butomus umbellatus f. albiflorus Butomus umbellatus f. submersus Butomus umbellatus f. terrestris Butomus umbellatus f. umbellatus Butomus umbellatus var. minor Butomus umbellatus var. scutariensis Butomus umbellatus var. vallisneriifolia Butomus umbellatus var. parviflorus Butomus umbellatus f. natans Butomus umbellatus