Calanthe sylvatica Lindl.

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Orchidaceae > Calanthe

Characteristics

Plants to 80 cm tall, without distinct rhizome. Pseudobulbs conic, 1-2 × ca. 1 cm. Leaves 3-6, well developed and spreading at anthesis, not deciduous; blade elliptic to obovate, 20-40 × ca. 10.5 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent, apex acute or acuminate; petiole-like base 11-23 cm. Scape arising from leaf axil, erect, 45-75 cm, stout, with 2 tubular sheaths below middle; rachis laxly to subdensely many flowered; floral bracts persistent, lanceolate, 10-18 mm, densely puberulent. Flowers pale pinkish purple with purple lip sometimes flushed orange; pedicel and ovary ca. 35 mm, densely puberulent. Dorsal sepal elliptic, 18-23 × 6-10 mm, abaxially sparsely puberulent, 5-7-veined, apex acute; lateral sepals oblong, 20-28 × 6-9 mm, abaxially sparsely puberulent, 5-7-veined, apex acute and shortly caudate. Petals obovate or broadly oblong, 15-20 × 9-12 mm, 5-veined, apex obtuse or subacute; lip adnate to entire length of column wings, 11-17 × 6-14 mm, 3-lobed; lateral lobes falcate-lanceolate, ca. 5 × 1.5-2 mm, attenuate toward apex; mid-lobe flabellate or reniform, 10-14 mm wide, base shortly clawed, apex emarginate or shallowly 2-lobed; disk with 3 rows of small, yellow, crested warts at base; spur cylindric, 25-50 mm, outside sparsely puberulent, apex obtuse. Column ca. 5 mm, dilated at apex, nearly glabrous; rostellum 2-lobed; lobes ca. 0.7 mm; pollinia narrowly obovoid, equal in size, ca. 2 mm; viscidium suboblong, small. Fl. Apr-Sep. 2n = 20, 40, 42, 52.
More
A large erect terrestrial herb up to 65 cm. tall.. Pseudobulbs erect or suberect, cylindrical-conical, 4–5-noded, 2–5 cm. long, up to 1.2 cm. diameter, obvious only after leaves have rotted.. Leaves 3–5, almost in a rosette, suberect or spreading, lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, acute or acuminate, 15–45 cm. long, 5–13 cm. broad, glossy dark green above, ± pubescent beneath; petiole sulcate, 4–25 cm. long.. Inflorescence erect, few–many-flowered, up to 60 cm. or so long; peduncle stout, pubescent; rhachis pubescent; bracts lanceolate, acute or acuminate, suberect to recurved, 1–3 cm. long.. Flowers large, showy, white to rose-purple with a darker lip; callus white to orange; column white.. Dorsal sepal lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or oblong-elliptic, acute, 1.3–3.5 cm. long, 0.4–1.2 cm. broad; lateral sepals similar but oblique.. Petals elliptic to oblanceolate, acute or obtuse, 1–3 cm. long.. Lip 3-lobed, adnate at base to column, 1.2–2.5 cm. long, 0.8–2 cm. broad, spurred at base; side lobes ± auriculate, 0.5–7 cm. long; midlobe much larger, flabellate to obovate, emarginate; callus verrucose, of 3 ridges of which the central one is longest. Callus fleshy, 3–7 mm. long.. Spur pendent, sigmoid or incurved, 1–4 cm. long.. Fig. 59.
Plants to 650 mm tall; stems erect, slightly swollen at the base, bearing roots from the lower nodes and leaves from the upper; leaves 3-5, erect to spreading, blades lanceolate, acuminate, 200-350 x 60-110 mm, thin, dark green above and sparsely pubescent below, tapering to a linear, sulcate, 60-120 mm long petiole. Inflorescences pubescent, densely to laxly many-flowered, 70-200 mm long; rhachis erect, with several 20-30 mm long green sheaths; bracts green, narrowly triangular, shorter than the c. 30 mm long ovaries. Flowers white to pale mauve, fading apricot orange. Sepals sub-equal, elliptic to narrowly oblong-elliptic, acute, 13-27 x 5-12 mm; laterals somewhat oblique and acuminate. Petals elliptic to lanceolate, acute, 12-21 x 5-12 mm. Lip 3-lobed, base extensively fused to the gynostemium, 9-18 x 7-15 mm, callus of 3 small ridges; midlobe flabellate, emarginate, margins often crenulate; side lobes much smaller, 1-4 mm long; spur narrowly cylindrical, 15-30 mm long. Gynostemium short. Capsules ribbed, cylindrical, 20 x 8 mm, decurved.
Terrestrial or epiphytic herb, up to 0.70 m high; with long fibrous roots. Stems pseudobulbs, in rows from basal rhizome, leafy, small and obscured. Leaves 2-several, petiolate, plicate, very thin, limb elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 200-400 x 70-115 mm. Inflorescence a lateral raceme; scape erect, longer than leaves, pubescent. Flowers 10-30, above leaves, large, white to pink, fading to apricot-orange. Sepals subequal, free, widely spreading. Petals similar to sepals. Lip fused to gynostemium, spurred, 3-lobed, middle lobe 2-lobed, with callus; spur slender, 20-40 mm long. Flowering time Jan.-Mar.
Robust, rhizomatous perennial to 65 cm, with pseudobulbs largely obscured by leaves. Leaves lanceolate, pleated. Flowers many in a shortly hairy raceme, white to pink, lip 3-lobed with a callus of 3 small ridges, spur slender, 15-30 mm long.
Lip 3-lobed at the base, 11–15 × 6–25 mm, with 3 ridges at the base. Side lobes auriculate or crescent-shaped, 5–7 mm long; mid-lobe flabellate to obovate, emarginate, sometimes with a small tooth in the sinus.
Terrestrial herb, up to 0.6 m high. Column united to lip for most of its length. Spur longer than lip. Flowers whitish or pale mauve, fading to an apricot-orange colour.
Leaves 3–5 ± rosulate, suberect to spreading; leaf up to 35 × 12 cm, lanceolate, acute, plicate, dark green; petiole 5–25 cm long.
Sepals 9–37 × 4–14 mm, lanceolate, acute, the lateral sepals usually slightly longer than the dorsal ones and oblique.
Peduncle slightly pubescent with 2 sheath-like leaves; inflorescence densely several-to many-flowered.
Pseudobulbs rather obscure, 2–5 × 1.5 cm, conical, with 4–5 nodes.
Petals 8–25 × 4–14 mm, elliptic or oblanceolate.
Spur slender, straight or sigmoid, 1–4 cm long.
Flowers white or purple with orange callus.
Large terrestrial herb up to 70 cm tall.
Pedicel and ovary each 10–15 mm long.
Bracts 1–3 cm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support epiphyte free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.65 - 0.7
Root system fibrous-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity 10-12
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

Uses environmental use
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Calanthe sylvatica habit picture by doumé (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Calanthe sylvatica leaf picture by Matthieu Libeer (cc-by-sa)
Calanthe sylvatica leaf picture by Clément Walter (cc-by-sa)
Calanthe sylvatica leaf picture by Hugo SANTACREU (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Calanthe sylvatica flower picture by Yann Pecrix (cc-by-sa)
Calanthe sylvatica flower picture by François Treil (cc-by-sa)
Calanthe sylvatica flower picture by Serge Garnier (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Calanthe sylvatica world distribution map, present in Angola, Burkina Faso, China, Congo, Comoros, Gabon, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Nigeria, Réunion, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:621060-1
WFO ID wfo-0000765414
COL ID PFHP
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 705993
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Alismorkis masuca Bletia sylvatica Calanthe humbertii Calanthe sanderiana Calanthe volkensii Centrosis corymbosa Calanthe candida Calanthe corymbosa Calanthe delphinioides Calanthe natalensis Calanthe neglecta Calanthe sanderiana Calanthe schliebenii Calanthe stolzii Calanthe sylvestris Alismorkis pleiochroma Centrosia aubertii Alismorkis centrosis Alismorkis emarginata Alismorkis natalensis Alismorkis plantaginea Alismorkis purpurea Alismorkis textorii Alismorchis emarginata Alismorchis masuca Alismorchis pleiochroma Alismorchis purpurea Alismorchis textorii Alismorchis natalensis Calanthe sylvatica var. geerinckiana Calanthe sylvatica var. natalensis Calanthe sylvatica var. pallidipetala Calanthe masuca var. sinensis Calanthe okinawensis f. albiflora Centrosis plantaginea Centrosis sylvatica Calanthe sylvatica