Calycanthus floridus L.

Eastern sweetshrub (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Laurales > Calycanthaceae > Calycanthus

Characteristics

Shrub 1–3 m; twigs and petioles glabrous or nearly so; lvs ovate to elliptic or oblong, 5–15 × 2–6 cm, glabrous beneath or sparsely hairy especially when young; fls aromatic, 4–7 cm wide; tepals brown-purple, linear-oblong; pistils 10–35; fr (pseudocarp) 2–6 × 1–3 cm; 2n=22. Rich mt. woods; s. N.Y., s. Pa. and s. O. to Ga., nw. Fla., and se. Miss. June, July. Our plant is var. glaucus (Willd.) Torr. & A. Gray. (C. f. var. laevigatus; C. fertilis) The more hairy var. floridus is more southern.
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Shrubs , to 3.5 m. Lateral bud partially hidden by petiole base. Petiole 3-10 mm, pubescent to glabrous. Leaf blade elliptic, broadly elliptic, oblong, or ovate, 5-15 × 2-6 cm, base acute to truncate, apex acute, acuminate, or blunt; surfaces abaxially green or glaucous, pubescent to glabrous. Flowers : hypanthium cylindric, ellipsoid, pyriform, or globose at maturity, 2-6 × 1-3 cm; tepals oblong-elliptic to obovate-lanceolate, 2-4 cm × 3-8 mm, apex acute; stamens 10-20, oblong. 2 n = 22, 33.
A shrub. It loses its leaves during the year. It grows 2-3 m tall. It spreads 2 m wide. The leaves, bark and wood all have a spicy aroma when cut. The leaves are broad and glossy and pale green. They are downy underneath. The flowers are 5 cm wide. The flowers occur singly among the leaves. The petals are narrow and deep red-brown. The flowers have a scent. The fruit are soft and fig like.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.0
Mature height (meter) 2.5 - 2.7
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It grows in warm temperate zones. They suit sunny, sheltered positions. They do best in fertile, humus-rich soils. It is resistant to frost but sensitive to drought. It suits hardiness zones 5-9.
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Rich low shady woodlands. Deciduous or mixed woodlands, along streams and rivers, margins of woodlands; at elevations from sea level to1,850 metres.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 2-4
Soil acidity 4-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-9

Usage

The bark is used as a substitute for cinnamon. CAUTION: The plant contains calycanthine-an alkaloid like strychnine and poisonous to people.
Uses environmental use food incense medicinal poison
Edible barks
Therapeutic use Dermatological Aid (bark), Eye Medicine (bark), Pediatric Aid (bark), Emetic (root), Urinary Aid (root), Poison (seed)
Human toxicity weak toxic (seed), weak toxic (bark)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or by air layering. It can be grown by cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -16
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Calycanthus floridus habit picture by Emma Post (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Calycanthus floridus leaf picture by Becca McCoy (cc-by-sa)
Calycanthus floridus leaf picture by Philip Enteles (cc-by-sa)
Calycanthus floridus leaf picture by AnnaMarie Ansel (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Calycanthus floridus flower picture by Heidi Parton (cc-by-sa)
Calycanthus floridus flower picture by cthulhu mittens (cc-by-sa)
Calycanthus floridus flower picture by Jackie Paritte (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Calycanthus floridus fruit picture by Frédéric Gauchet (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Calycanthus floridus world distribution map, present in China, Croatia, Serbia, United States of America, and Uzbekistan

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:42922-2
WFO ID wfo-0000581802
COL ID Q59D
BDTFX ID 81331
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Calycanthus mohrii Beureria florida Butneria florida Calycanthus floridus var. oblongus Calycanthus floridus

Lower taxons

Calycanthus floridus var. glaucus Calycanthus floridus var. floridus