Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene

Small camas (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Asparagaceae > Camassia

Characteristics

Bulbs seldom clustered, globose, 1–5 cm diam. Leaves usually fewer than 10, 1–6 dm × 4–20 mm. Inflorescences 20–80 cm; sterile bracts absent, bracts subtending flowers usually equaling or exceeding pedicel. Flowers usually zygomorphic, sometimes actinomorphic; tepals withering separately or connivent over capsules after anthesis, long-persistent on fruiting racemes, blue or bluish violet, each 3–9-veined, 12–35 × 1.5–8 mm; anthers usually yellow, sometimes bluish violet, violet, or brown, 2.5–7 mm; fruiting pedicel mostly incurving-erect, occasionally spreading-erect, 5–70 mm. Capsules not deciduous, pale green to pale brown, ovoid, 6–19 mm. Seeds 5–10 per locule. 2n = 30.
More
A plant with a bulb. It keeps growing from year to year. It grows 25-90 cm high and 10-15 cm wide. It has grass-like leaves. It forms large clumps. The leaves are blue-green and 50 cm long. They all grow from the base and are 5-15 mm wide. The flower spikes are blue. The flowers are 5 cm across. The flowers are star shaped. The fruit are dry capsules with shiny black seeds. The bulbs are 3-5 cm across. The bulb is edible.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.13 - 0.33
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.7
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 0.3
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Coastal mountain forests, wet meadows, fields and rocky coastal bluffs; at elevations up to 2,500 metres. Subsp azurea is found in alluvial plains, meadows, light, well-drained prairie soils;at elevations up to 200 metres.
More
It is a temperate plant. Plants can grow in full sun or light shade. It does best in moist but not waterlogged soil. It is resistant to frost and sensitive to drought. It suits hardiness zones 5-9.
Light 3-8
Soil humidity 5-8
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-8

Usage

The bulbous root is eaten raw, boiled or baked. They can be used in pies. They can be boiled down to a syrup or pounded into cakes that are sun dried for future use. Caution: This plant should not be confused with death camass (Zigadenus venenosus).
Uses beverage environmental use food medicinal ornamental
Edible bulbs roots seeds
Therapeutic use Gynecological Aid (root), Gynecological Aid (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

The bulbs are planted 10 cm deep and plants spaced 20-25 cm apart.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 180
Germination temperacture (C°) 8 - 9
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Flower

Camassia quamash flower picture by Kat ♡ (cc-by-sa)
Camassia quamash flower picture by Clara Seattle (cc-by-sa)
Camassia quamash flower picture by Barbara Mack (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Camassia quamash world distribution map, present in United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30019006-2
WFO ID wfo-0000762884
COL ID Q93P
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Sitocodium esculentum Anthericum quamash Phalangium quamash Quamasia quamash Camassia quamash f. quamash Camassia quamash f. pallida Camassia leichtlinii var. watsonii Camassia quamash var. quamash Camassia quamash

Lower taxons

Camassia quamash subsp. azurea Camassia quamash subsp. breviflora Camassia quamash subsp. intermedia Camassia quamash subsp. linearis Camassia quamash subsp. maxima Camassia quamash subsp. utahensis Camassia quamash subsp. walpolei Camassia quamash subsp. quamash