Campanula glomerata L.

Dane's blood (en), Ganteline (fr), Campanule agglomérée (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Campanulaceae > Campanula

Characteristics

Plants perennial. Stems erect, 0.2-1.3 m tall. Basal leaves long petiolate; blade ovate-lanceolate or ovate, 6-15 × 2-7 cm, base cordate, margin serrulate, apex acute; cauline leaf blade elliptic, narrowly ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, 4-10 × 0.7-4 cm, base truncate, rounded, or cuneate, margin serrulate, apex acute or acuminate; lower ones long petiolate, upper ones sessile. Flowers sessile, aggregated into a terminal compound involucrate capitulum, sometimes with additional simple capitula sessile in upper and median leaf axils; involucral bracts ovate-deltoid, that of first-blooming central flower smallest. Hypanthium glabrous or puberulent; calyx lobes subulate or linear-triangular, 7-13 × 2-3 mm. Corolla purple, blue-purple, or blue (rarely white), tubular-campanulate, 1.5-2.5 cm; lobes equaling tube. Capsule subglobose or obovoid-conical, ca. 4.5 mm. Seeds oblong, compressed, 1-1.5 mm. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Sep-Oct. 2n = 30, 34, 90.
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Perennial 3–7 dm; lvs denticulate, hirtellous, the lower petioled, lance-oblong, the upper ovate to narrowly triangular, sessile and ± clasping; fls sessile in terminal glomerules subtended by leafy bracts, or a few sessile in the axils of the uppermost lvs; sep narrowly lanceolate, 6–10 mm; cor blue-violet, 2–3 cm; 2n=34, 68. Native of Eurasia, escaped from cult. into roadsides and waste places in N. Engl. and adj. Can., w. to Minn. June, July.
A herb which forms clumps by suckering. It grows 30-90 cm high and spreads 30-60 cm wide. The stems have bristles. The leaves at the base have long leaf stalks. The leaves are 8 cm long and have fine teeth around the edge. The leaves on the stem do not have stalks. They are smaller and clasp the stem. The flowers are blue and in round heads at the tips of the plant. They can also be in the axils of the leaves.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.5 - 1.0
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.6
Root system creeping-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It does best with rich, calcareous soil. It needs a protected sunny location. It suits hardiness zones 4-9.
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Grassy places on calcareous soils, particularly in chalk grassland, less commonly on sea-cliffs or in woods.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 3-5
Soil acidity 5-9
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 2-7

Usage

The flowers are eaten raw. They are added to salads along with leaves. The young shoots are cooked as a vegetable.
Uses environmental use medicinal
Edible flowers leaves roots
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or by division of the root in autumn. They can also be grown by cuttings after flowering has finished.
Mode cuttings divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 28
Germination temperacture (C°) 20
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -45
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Campanula glomerata habit picture by Nathalie Potel (cc-by-sa)
Campanula glomerata habit picture by Ernst Fürst (cc-by-sa)
Campanula glomerata habit picture by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Campanula glomerata leaf picture by Nathalie Potel (cc-by-sa)
Campanula glomerata leaf picture by Walker Beat (cc-by-sa)
Campanula glomerata leaf picture by Albert Chevallier (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Campanula glomerata flower picture by Halbe Rudolf (cc-by-sa)
Campanula glomerata flower picture by Bednář Petr (cc-by-sa)
Campanula glomerata flower picture by César Gonzalez (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Campanula glomerata fruit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Campanula glomerata fruit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Campanula glomerata fruit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Campanula glomerata world distribution map, present in Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Belarus, Switzerland, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Finland, France, Micronesia (Federated States of), United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Greece, Hungary, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Montenegro, Malaysia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Romania, Russian Federation, Sweden, Turks and Caicos Islands, Ukraine, United States of America, and Uzbekistan

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:140364-1
WFO ID wfo-0000827269
COL ID QB9W
BDTFX ID 12462
INPN ID 87652
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Campanula barbata Campanula betonicifolia Gentiana collina Campanula glomerata Syncodon glomeratus Weitenwebera glomerata Campanula conglomerata Campanula glomerata f. pusilla Campanula petraea Weitenwebera glomerata var. mollis Weitenwebera glomerata var. nana Weitenwebera glomerata var. salviifolia Campanula glomerata var. aggregata Campanula glomerata subsp. aggregata Campanula glomerata var. congesta Campanula glomerata var. grandiflora Campanula glomerata var. heterophylla Campanula glomerata var. longifolia Campanula glomerata var. minor Campanula glomerata var. nana Campanula glomerata var. oblongata Campanula glomerata var. ortleppii Campanula glomerata var. pusilla Campanula glomerata var. ramosa Campanula glomerata var. semgensis Campanula glomerata var. sparsiflora Campanula glomerata var. umbrosa Campanula glomerata var. salviifolia Campanula glomerata subsp. salviifolia Campanula glomerata var. cordifolia Campanula glomerata var. coriacea Campanula glomerata var. latibracteata Campanula glomerata var. mollis Campanula glomerata var. nana Campanula glomerata f. aggregata Campanula glomerata var. dahurica

Lower taxons

Campanula glomerata subsp. caucasica Campanula glomerata subsp. cervicarioides Campanula glomerata subsp. elliptica Campanula glomerata subsp. farinosa Campanula glomerata subsp. hispida Campanula glomerata subsp. oblongifolia Campanula glomerata subsp. oblongifolioides Campanula glomerata subsp. panjutinii Campanula glomerata subsp. serotina Campanula glomerata subsp. speciosa Campanula glomerata subsp. subcapitata Campanula glomerata subsp. symphytifolia Campanula glomerata subsp. glomerata Campanula glomerata subsp. krylovii Campanula glomerata subsp. daqingshanica