Canarium australianum F.Muell.

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Burseraceae > Canarium

Characteristics

Tree, 20(-30) m by 45 cm. Branchlets c. 1 cm thick, young parts shortly ferrugineously pubescent; pith with many small vascular strands, for the greater part (rarely all of them) peripherally arranged. Stipules caducous, inserted at the base of the petiole, rarely on the latter up to 11 mm from the base, subulate, 7-15 mm. Leaves 3-4(-6)-jugate. Leaflets ovate, sometimes oblong, 7-11 (-17) by 3-7 cm, thinly coriaceous, glabrous or minutely tomentose beneath; base rounded to truncate, rarely cuneate or cordate, slightly oblique, in the apical pair of leaflets the lower leaflet-half mostly decurrent to the base of the petiolule; margin entire or slightly dentate; apex rounded to acute, sometimes truncate or shortly and broadly blunt-acuminate; nerves 15-24 pairs (angle mostly 75-80°), straight to slightly curved, often tortuous, rather abruptly distinctly arching at some distance from the margin. Inflorescences axillary, narrowly paniculate, fulvous tomentose; ♂ ones c. 25 cm long, female ones 8-15 cm; branches up to 3 cm, ♂ ones with c. 12 flowers, female ones with 3-4 flowers. ♂ Flowers 4-5 mm long, female 6.5 mm. Calyx respectively 2.5 and 3.5 mm high. Stamens glabrous, connate, in ♂ flowers for about half the length of the filaments, in female flowers almost wholly. Disk in ♂ flowers truncate, deeply 6-grooved, 0.75 mm high, with a central canal, outside glabrous, upper surface and inside densely woolly pubescent; in female flowers annular, 0.75 mm high, 6-lobed, glabrous. Pistil tomentose, in ♂ flowers nearly totally reduced. Infructescences up to 18 cm long with up to 5 fruits; calyx spreading, 3-angular, 9-10 mm diam. Fruits ovoid, round to rounded-triangular in cross-section, c. 2 by 1.25 cm, glabrous; pyrene rugulose, faintly 3-ribbed to the apex; lids 2 mm thick. Seed 1; sterile cells rather strongly reduced.
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Tree to 30 m high. Leaflets 7–15, ovate, rounded to acute, 7–11 cm long, sometimes to 18 cm, glabrous or hairy; base usually oblique with longer side decurrent; margins entire to dentate; lateral veins 15–24 pairs, at 60°–80°' to midrib; stipules caducous. Panicle to 25 cm long; male inflorescences larger and denser than female. Male flowers: sepals c. 2.5 mm long; petals 4–5 mm long; stamens half connate; disc pubescent, c. 1 mm high, deeply 6-grooved; ovary obsolete. Female flowers: sepals c. 3.5 mm long; petals c. 6.5 mm long; stamens connate for almost entire length; disc glabrous, c. 1 mm high, 6-lobed; ovary tomentose. Fruit ovoid, c. 2 cm long; seed 1.
A shrub or small tree. It grows 1-6 m tall. The leaves are compound with leaflets. The leaflets are 6-19 cm long by 3-8 cm wide. The leaflet stalks have a milky sap. The flowering shoots are 8-30 cm long. The flower petals are 5-6 mm long. The fruit are 2-3 cm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 20.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

In Papua only found in rain-forest (Mabaduan) and in monsoon-forest (Wassi Kussa), in Australia also in more open forests on rather dry, sandy soil, and on coastal, sparsely timbered dunes, always at low altitudes; apparently restricted to regions subject to a periodically dry period. Fl. Nov.-April, fr. (Mainly) April-June.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows from sea level to 500 m above sea level. It grows in open forest and monsoon forest.
Open forest, rain forest, and near the sea on sand dunes.
Light -
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Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses. In Australia, tin fossickers and miners are said to prefer the wood of this tree above all others available for making pick-and axe-handles. The resin is used by the aborigines for spear fastening.
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The wood has been used for pick and axe handles, furniture and in joinery.
Uses environmental use food fuel material medicinal wood
Edible fruits nuts seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
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Optimum temperature (C°) -
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Productivity -

Images

Canarium australianum unspecified picture

Distribution

Canarium australianum world distribution map, present in Australia, Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea

Conservation status

Canarium australianum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:127280-1
WFO ID wfo-0000583446
COL ID QJGD
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Sonzaya australiana Canarium australianum

Lower taxons

Canarium australianum var. glabrum