Canarium decumanum Gaertn.

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Burseraceae > Canarium

Characteristics

Tree, 30-60 by 1.5-2 m, with very large buttresses (up to 8 m high and 5 m wide). Branchlets 1-1.5 cm diam., angular, glabrescent, with large leaf-scars, terminal bud slender, acute, 4-5 cm by 6 mm, densely brown-tomentose; pith thick with many peripherally arranged small vascular strands. Stipules represented by the basal pair of leaflets, which are rather caducous — leaving a small circular scar —, inserted at the conjunction of branch and petiole and very small (petiolule 4-10 mm, blade 1.5-2.5 by ¾-2 cm). Leaves spirally arranged, (3-)4-5(-6)-jugate, 35-45 cm long. Leaflets ovate to oblong, 5-10-30 by 2½-5-10 cm, stiff-chartaceous to coriaceous, glabrescent; base rounded to subcordate; margin entire; apex gradually long and acutely acuminate; nerves 17-22-26 pairs (angle c. 60°), tortuous, towards the margin dissolving into a lax marginal reticulation, rather prominent beneath, some of the nerves more or less reduced (similar to intermediate veins); reticulations dense; leaflets of the upper pairs sometimes on the basiscopic side decurrent till the rachis. Inflorescences axillary, narrowly paniculate, densely minutely tomentose, male 4-19 cm long, many-flowered, main branches up to 6.5 cm, flowers clustered; female 5-7 cm, few-flowered, main branches very short. Bracts lanceolate to subulate. Flowers pubescent, ♂ 7-9 mm, female 8-14 mm. Calyx ♂ 3.5 mm high, female 4.5-7 mm. Stamens free, glabrous. Disk ♂ cushion-shaped, 2 mm high, faintly 6-lobed, densely pilose;, female 6-lobed, 1 mm high, fimbriate. Pistil pubescent, ♂ none. Infructescences subracemose, with few fruits; calyx flat, 1 cm diam. Fruits ellipsoid, sub-trigonous in cross-section, 7-8½ by 4½-6 cm, up to 12 cm long, glabrescent, scabrous; pyrene smooth except of 3 angle-ribs near the apex and a faint median rib on each of the lids; lids 4-5 mm thick. Seeds (3-)2-l; cells irregularly shaped, sterile ones not or slightly reduced.
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A large tree with very large buttresses. These can be 8 m high and 5 m across. The tree grows to 30-60 m high. The trunk can be 1-2 m across. The small branches are 1-1.5 cm across and angular. These leave large leaf scars. At the base of the leaf stalk there are small stipules that look like small simple leaves without teeth around the edge. The leaves are arranged in spirals. They are made up of 4-6 pairs of leaflets. The leaves are 35-45 cm long and the leaflets are oval and between 5-30 cm long by 3-10 cm wide. The leaflets are stiff and papery. The base of the leaflets is rounded. The tip of the leaf tapers to a point. The flower clusters occur in the axils of leaves. The male flower clusters are 4-19 cm long with many flowers, while the female flower clusters are 5-7 cm long and with few flowers. The fruiting cluster has few fruits and there is not one flower at the end of the cluster. The fruit are somewhat triangular in cross section and 7-8 cm long by 4-6 cm wide. There can be 1 to 3 seeds inside the fruit.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 24.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A canopy tree of undisturbed forests at elevations up to 100 metres. In secondary forests usually present as a pre-disturbance remnant.
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A tropical plant. It grows in primary forests at low altitudes. It grows up to 100 m above sea level.
Primary forests at low altitudes, sago swamp. Fl. April-May, fr. June-Nov.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses. The resin and the seeds are used, but they are of no great importance.
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The seeds or kernels are eaten.
Uses environmental use food fuel material wood
Edible nuts seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Canarium decumanum unspecified picture

Distribution

Canarium decumanum world distribution map, present in Hong Kong, Kenya, Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea

Conservation status

Canarium decumanum threat status: Near Threatened

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:127318-1
WFO ID wfo-0000583491
COL ID QJHR
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Canarium decumanum Pimela decumana Canariopsis decumana