Canarium littorale Blume

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Burseraceae > Canarium

Characteristics

Tree (3-)10-30(-44) m by 20-70(-100) cm, sometimes buttressed. Branchlets 0.25-1 cm thick, glabrescent; pith with some large to many small vascular strands, all or part of them peripherally arranged. Stipules caducous, inserted on the branchlet near the base of the petiole, reniformous, 5 by 4 mm, with various intergrades to: subpersistent and inserted on the base of the petiole, semi-rotundate, 17 by 12 mm, margin repandous; nearly always tomentose. Leaves (0-)2-6-jugate, 17-60 cm long, glabrous to tomentose. Leaflets ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 3-27 by 1-9 cm, chartaceous to coriaceous, smooth to bullate, glabrous — sometimes waxy white beneath — to densely tomentose beneath and on the midrib above; base cuneate to faintly cordate, slightly inequilateral; margin entire to dentate or serrulate; apex (gradually to) rather abruptly shortly acute-acuminate, acumen mostly dentate or serrate; nerves 9-22 pairs (angle 60-90°, gradually decreasing from base to apex), slightly curved, often partly arching near the margin. Inflorescences terminal, sometimes with additional ones in the upper leaf-axils, paniculate (male) to subracemose (female), 5-40 cm long, often densely reddish-brown tomentose, sometimes glabrous. Bracts concave. Flowers 8-13 mm long, outside densely ferrugineously pubescent. Calyx 4-9 mm high. Stamens 6, filaments glabrous, in ♂ flowers often slightly connate, adnate to the disk, in female flowers inserted on the rim of the disk. Disk in ♂ flowers from globular, solid, tapering into a style-like appendix, to cupular, thick-fleshy, without any rudiment of the pistil; 1-3 mm high, nearly always glabrous; in female flowers minute, faintly 6-undulate, glabrous to tomentose. Pistil glabrous or pilose. Infructescences 5-25 cm long, densely tomentose, with 1-6 fruits; calyx funnel-shaped, triangular, c. 8 mm diam., to: flat, orbicular, 1.5 cm diam., with undulate margin. Fruits ellipsoid (to obovoid), rounded triangular in cross-section, 4.5-7 by 1½-3 cm, sparsely pilose to glabrous; pyrene smooth, acutely triangular in cross-section; lids 2-4 mm thick. Seeds 1-2, sterile cells moderately reduced.
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A tree. It grows 30 m high. The young branches have red hairs. The leaves have 3 pairs of leaflets. They are broadly oval. The young leaflets are finely hairy at least on the veins. The leafy structures (stipules) at the base of leaf stalks only occur on very young branches and then fall off. They are kidney shaped. The leaves are narrowly oval and leathery. They have wavy edges. The flowers are yellow to red. The fruit is oblong and 3.5-6.5 cm long by 1.5-3 cm wide. It is pale green and fleshy. The fruit are oval and green. The kernels are small and the shells are hard. These stones are 3 angled.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 20.0 - 30.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Secondary forest, especially on periodically flooded sandy alluvium. Rain-forests, on dry or swampy soils, under everwet or subseasonal conditions, mostly at low elevations, rarely to 2,000 metres.
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Rain-forests on dry or swampy soils, under everwet or (in E. Java) subseasonal conditions, mostly at low altitudes, rarely up to 2000 m. Fl. Mainly Nov.-Apr.; fr. Mainly May-Sept.
A tropical plant. It occurs in lowland mixed forest normally below 800 m altitude. It can be up to 1,200 m above sea level.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses. The wood is used for house-building, though it is rather soft. The resin is used as a damar; in Indo-China it is said to be very sought after by the Chinese as a medicine against itch.
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The nuts are eaten.
Uses food material medicinal oil timber wood
Edible nuts seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Canarium littorale world distribution map, present in Brunei Darussalam, China, Indonesia, Iceland, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Canarium littorale threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:127395-1
WFO ID wfo-0000583587
COL ID QJLK
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Canarium littorale f. purpurascens Canarium bennettii Canarium flavum Canarium pruinosum Canarium pseudocommune Canarium tomentosum Canarium acutum Canarium giganteum Canarium glaucum Canarium littorale Canarium purpurascens Canarium rufum Canarium secundum Canarium serricuspe Canarium serrulatum Canarium pseudocommune var. subelongatum Canarium tomentosum var. flavum Canarium littorale f. pruinosum Canarium littorale f. rufum Canarium littorale f. tomentosum