Canarium madagascariense Engl.

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Burseraceae > Canarium

Characteristics

A large tree. It has a straight trunk. It grows 12-35 m tall. The trunk can be 2 m across. It often has buttresses. The bark is rough and grey. The leaves are 50 cm long and have an odd number of leaflets. There are 9-11 leaflets. The leaf stalk is 5 cm long. The leaflets are 15 cm long by 4 cm wide. They are oblong to heart shaped. They taper to the tip. They are hairy underneath. The flowers are white and in groups. The fruit are oval and 4 cm long. They are purple. The hard shell of the seed is often 3 sided.
More
A large spreading tree, differing from C. schweinfurthii in its fewer leaflets, with ± 9 pairs of principal lateral veins on longer petiolules, and in its much smaller flowers in spreading panicles ± as broad as they are long. The stone of the fruit has less sharp angles than that of C. schweinfurthii and has 3 minor ridges between each of the angles instead of one only as illustrated by Kabuye in Utafiti 1(2), fig. 1/9 (1988), Fig. 1/9, p.3.
Flowers in laxly paniculate inflorescences up to 20 cm. long (female inflorescence smaller), with clusters of 6–15 flowers in cymose glomerules; outer bracts broad and very caducous, inner bracts c. 3 mm. long, linear, ferruginous-pubescent; pedicels 1 (6) mm. long, calyx 2–3 mm. long, campanulate, shortly and obtusely lobed to about 1/3 of the way or less, densely ferruginous-pubescent outside, glabrous within.
Leaves up to 25 (55) cm. long; petiole up to c. 7 cm. long; leaflets 4–5 (9)-jugate, up to 12 (16) × 4 (5·5) cm., the lower pairs smaller, ovate-oblong to oblong, apex bluntly acuminate, margins entire or undulate, base rounded, glabrous or almost so on both sides except for the midrib which is densely pilose below; nerves slightly raised below; petiolules c. 1·2 cm. long, hairy.
Laxly branched deciduous tree up to 12 (30) m. tall; bark brown, rough, fissured; branches spreading; crown round; young branches, petiole, leaf-rhachis and branches of inflorescence covered with a ferruginous or greyish-ferruginous indumentum of simple hairs.
Fruit up to 4·5 × 2·3 cm., ovoid-ellipsoid, plum-like; endocarp almost as large as the fruit, ovoid-ellipsoid and somewhat trigonous.
Petals c. 5 × 3 mm., oblong, keeled, apex mucronulate, pubescent outside, glabrous within.
Stamens 2–3 mm. long, with thickened filaments tapering to the apex, glabrous.
Disk annular, very small.
Female flowers not seen.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 18.5 - 30.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Rare in forest patches and river banks on sandy soils at elevations up to 300 metres in Tanzania. Widespread but scattered in Madagascar, growing in moist and dry forests, especially along watercourses, from sea-level up to 2,000 metres.
More
It is a tropical plant. It grows in the lower mountain forest. It is often on sandy soils in shallow river valleys. It grows between 5-300 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 10-11.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The fruit are eaten.
Uses charcoal environmental use food fuel gene source material medicinal social use wood
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use Tumor (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds. Fresh seed should be used, as seeds do not store well.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Canarium madagascariense unspecified picture

Distribution

Canarium madagascariense world distribution map, present in Madagascar, Mozambique, and Tanzania, United Republic of

Conservation status

Canarium madagascariense threat status: Endangered

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:127404-1
WFO ID wfo-0000583603
COL ID QJLY
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Canarium harami Canarium horamii Canarium madagascariense Canarium horami Canarium greveanum Canarium madagascariense subsp. madagascariense

Lower taxons

Canarium madagascariense subsp. obtusifolium