Canarium megalanthum Merr.

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Burseraceae > Canarium

Characteristics

Tree up to 40 m by 60-70 cm, sometimes with up to 1 m high buttresses. Branchlets 0.5-1 cm diam., rusty-tomentose; pith with a peripheral cylinder of scattered vascular strands. Stipules subpersistent, sometimes caducous, sometimes inserted on the base of the petiole at 0.25-0.75(-3) cm or even slightly on the twig, 6-8 by 10-20 mm, deeply 3-4-lobed, stiff, densely and minutely fulvous-tomentose. Leaves (3-)4-5-jugate. Leaflets obovate, lanceolate or oblong, 9-20 by 4.5-8.5 cm, coriaceous, often chartaceous, glabrescent; base oblique, sometimes near equal-sided, cuneate to cordate; margin entire, sometimes serrulate near the apex; apex gradually to abruptly, shortly and slenderly acute-acuminate; nerves (10-)13-19 pairs (angle 60-70°), faintly curved, abruptly, usually distinctly, arching close to the margin. Inflorescences pseudoterminal to terminal, terminal ones broadly and laxly paniculate, 25 cm long (female), main branches up to 9 cm, with few flowers; pseudoterminal ones narrowly paniculate, 25-30 cm long (male), main branches 6-11 cm, paniculate, c. 10-flowered; minutely tomentose. Flowers pubescent, ♂ 11 mm, female 13-15 mm. Calyx broadly cupular, ♂ 7 mm, female 9 mm. Corolla female pubescent at both sides, ♂ inside glabrous. Stamens adnate to the disk, filaments glabrous. Disk glabrous, ♂ saucer-shaped, 1 mm high, rim undulate, female cupular, 2.5-3 mm high, truncate. Pistil long-pilose; ♂ none. Infructescences c. 25 cm long, sparsely tomentose, with 4-5 fruits; calyx saucer-shaped, 3-lobed, 2-2.5 cm diam. Fruits ellipsoid, sometimes acute, bluntly triangular in cross-section, 5-5.5 by 3.5-4 cm, sparsely, near the apex densely, ferrugineously tomentose; pyrene smooth with 3, blunt to acute, angle-ribs, specially near the apex; lids 1-2 mm thick. Seed 1, spindle-shaped, acuminate at base, 4 by 1.5 cm; fertile cell in cross-section circular, 1.5 cm diam., sterile cells strongly reduced, without lumen.
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A large tree up to 40 m high. The trunk can be 60-70 cm across. It does not have buttresses. The small branches are 0.5-1 cm thick. They have rusty hairs. The leafy structures (stipules) on the leaf stalks are 0.5 cm from the base and deeply 3-4 lobed. The leaves have 4-5 pairs of leaflets. The leaflets are oval or long and 9-20 cm long by 4-8 cm wide. They are leathery and the base is wedge shaped while the tip tapers to a point. There are 13-19 pairs of faint slightly curved veins. The flower clusters are near the ends of branches. These are 25 cm long for female clusters and 25-30 cm long for male flower clusters. Male clusters have about 10 flowers while female clusters have few flowers. The fruit clusters are 25 cm long and with 4-5 fruit. The fruit are oval and triangular in cross section. The fruit can be 5 cm long. The seed are thin and long. They are 1.5 cm wide.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 35.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Lowland forest. Undisturbed mixed dipterocarp forests at elevations up to 400 metres, growing on hillsides and ridges with sandy soils, occasionally on limestone. In secondary forests usually present as a pre-disturbance remnant tree.
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A tropical plant. It occurs in rainforests from sea level to 360 m altitude.
Rain-forests, up to 360 m. Fl. Sum.: Aug., Borneo: March; fr. May-July.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

Uses. The wood is said to be hard. In Brunei this species is cultivated for its edible seeds which are among the largest of this genus. The resin is said to be abundant.
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The seeds or nuts are eaten.
Uses material wood
Edible nuts seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Canarium megalanthum world distribution map, present in Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Iceland, and Malaysia

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:127413-1
WFO ID wfo-0000583617
COL ID QJM9
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Canarium megalanthum