Canarium odontophyllum Miq.

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Burseraceae > Canarium

Characteristics

Tree up to 35 m by 50 cm, with buttresses. Branchlets 0.75-3 cm thick, densely rusty tomentose, often glabrescent; pith with a peripheral cylinder of many small vascular strands. Stipules persistent, inserted near or on the base of the petiole, orbicular and dentate to oblong and repeatedly slit into 2-4 cm long lobes, specially at the base and apex, 2-9 by 1½-3½ cm, minutely tomentose, subglabrescent, nervation coarse, anastomosing. Leaves 3-8-jugate. Leaflets oblong to lanceolate, 15-40 by 5-10 cm, coriaceous, sparsely pilose to densely tomentose beneath and on the midrib above; base subequilateral, broadly cuneate to subcordate; margin dentate to serrate; apex abruptly, short and slender, acute-acuminate; nervation slightly sunken above, strongly prominent beneath; nerves 15-28 pairs (angle 55-65-90°), straight to faintly curved, gradually curving towards the margin, rarely distinctly arching; intermediate veins often strongly developed. Inflorescences axillary, together pseudoterminal (sometimes truly terminal?), laxly paniculate, densely tomentose, ♂ ones 30-50 cm long, many-flowered, female ones 15-20 cm long and with few flowers. Bracts often persistent, gradually passing into the stipules. Flowers pubescent outside, ♂ 4-7 mm long, female 8-9 mm, with a slightly concave receptacle. Calyx 3-parted, ♂ 2½-4½ mm high, female 8 mm. Stamens glabrous, ♂ adnate to the disk, female inserted on the rim of it. Disk glabrous, ♂ circular, flat, slightly concave in the center, 6-lobed, ¼-1 mm high, female adnate to the receptacle, rim 1 mm high, faintly 6-lobed. Pistil ♂ strongly reduced to none, female glabrous. Infructescences mostly broadly paniculate, 20-35 cm long, densely tomentose, with up to 40 fruits; calyx saucer-shaped, triangular, c. 1.5 cm diam. Fruits ovoid to ellipsoid, rounded triangular in cross-section, 2½-3½ by 1¾-2 cm, glabrous; pyrene smooth, faintly 3-ribbed; lids ½-2½ mm thick, bony. Seed 1; sterile cells more or less reduced.
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A medium sized tree. It grows up to 35 m high and can be 50 cm across in the trunk. It has buttresses. The small branches are 1-3 cm thick and have dense rusty coloured hairs. When cut crossways there is a ring of small vascular strands around the edge of the branch, more like in a root. The small leafy structure (stipule) near the base of the leaf stalk remains on the branch. It is split along the edge into 2-4 cm long lobes. This stipule is 2-9 cm long by 1.5-3.5 cm wide. The leaves have 3-8 pairs of leaflets. These leaflets are oblong and 15-40 cm long by 5-10 cm across. They are leathery and can have hairs along the main vein. The base of the leaflets is wedge shaped and the edges can have teeth. There are 15-28 pairs of veins which are raised underneath the leaf. The flower clusters are in the axils of leaves and near the ends of branches. The male flower stalks are 30-50 cm long with many flowers while the female are 15-20 cm long with few flowers. The flowers are hairy. The fruit clusters are 20-35 cm long with up to 40 fruit. The fruit are oval and rounded to triangular in cross section. They are 2.5-3.5 cm long by 1.7-2 cm wide. The shell is smooth with 3 ribs. There is 1 seed inside and 2 empty shells.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 35.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Undisturbed lowland forests at elevations up to 600 metres. Mostly on hillsides and ridges, but sometimes also in swamps or along rivers. Quite often found on limestone. In secondary forests usually present as a pre-disturbance remnant tree.
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A tropical plant. It grows in forests from sea level to 450 m altitude. It can be in swamps and along rivers.
In primary forests, up to 450 m. FL March-April and Sept.-Oct., fr. May-Nov.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The blue-black fruit are eaten raw. For eating fresh they are soaked in hot water for 10 minutes until softened and eaten with soy sauce or as a snack. The kernel is also eaten.
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Uses. Wood rather soft and of little use. Seeds edible. In Sarawak grown for its fruits.
Uses food timber wood
Edible fruits nuts seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

When grown from seed, 70% or the trees are male.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Canarium odontophyllum world distribution map, present in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Philippines

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:127442-1
WFO ID wfo-0000583649
COL ID QJNB
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Canarium beccarii Canarium odontophyllum Canarium multifidum Canarium palawanense Canarium odontophyllum f. multifidum