Canarium pimela K.D.Koenig

Chinese black olive (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Burseraceae > Canarium

Characteristics

Trees, up to 20 m tall, ca. 45 cm d.b.h. Branchlets ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous. Leaves exstipulate; leaflets 4-6 pairs; blades broadly elliptic, ovate, or rounded, 6-17 × 2-7.5 cm, glabrous, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acute; lateral veins 8-15 pairs, reticulate veins conspicuous. Flowers in cymose panicles or inflorescences rarely racemose, glabrous, with more flowers in male plants. Calyx ca. 2.5 mm, shallowly lobed in male flowers, 3.5-4 mm, shallowly lobed or nearly truncate in female flowers. Petals ca. 8 mm in female flowers. Filaments connate for about 1/2 of length; disk fleshy with center depressed in male flowers, thin and shallowly 6-lobed in female flowers; anthers with 2 lines of bristles. Infructescences 8-35 cm, 1-4-fruited; pedicel ca. 2 cm; persistent calyx nearly flat, 8-10 mm in diam. Drupe purple-black when ripe, narrowly ovoid, 3-4 × 1.7-2 cm, cross section nearly rounded. Fl. Apr-May, fr. May-Nov.
More
A large tree. It grows 8-15 m tall but can grow 30 m tall. The trunk is 1.5 m across. The trunk is straight and it branches high up. The bark is brown with black sap. The leaves are unequal. The leaflets are long and oval. They are 6-12 cm long by 3-6 cm wide. They are shiny above and dark coloured underneath. There are 8-10 pairs of side veins. The leaf shape of seedlings varies. The leaves have 4-6 pairs of leaflets. The flower clusters are branched. The flowering stalks are 8-35 cm long with 1-4 fruit on long stalks. The flowers are white. The fruit are narrowly oval and fleshy. They are 3-4 cm long by 1-2 cm wide. There are 3 unequal cells. The fruit are dark reddish blue to black when ripe. They contain 1 or 2 seeds.
Life form -
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.5
Mature height (meter) 15.0 - 20.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
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Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in dense forests. In Yunnan, China it grows between 600-1300 m altitude. They occur in northern Vietnam mostly below 500 m altitude. The tree needs plenty of light. It prefers a deep humid soil. It mostly grows on steep land.
More
Primary and secondary forests at elevations below 500 metres. Usually associated with Aglaia gigantea, Eberhardtia tonkinensis, Erythrophloeum fordii, Garcinia spp., Gironniera subaequalis, and Pygeum arboreum.
Light -
Soil humidity -
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Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The fruit are edible. Fruit are eaten fresh or crystallised. They are sometimes pickled. The stone is removed. The seed contains an edible oil.
Uses environmental use food medicinal oil wood
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use Antiphlogistic (unspecified), Antivinous (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Fish-Bones (unspecified), Flux (unspecified), Herpes (unspecified), Sialogogue (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Antidote (unspecified), Eruption (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
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Optimum temperature (C°) -
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Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Canarium pimela unspecified picture

Distribution

Canarium pimela world distribution map, present in China, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:127465-1
WFO ID wfo-0000583682
COL ID 8S3MN
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Canarium pimela Canarium pimeloides Canarium tramdenum Pimela nigra Pimela caryophyllacea