Canarium vitiense A.Gray

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Burseraceae > Canarium

Characteristics

Tree up to 25 m by 30-40 cm, sometimes faintly buttressed. Branchlets slender, glabrescent; pith with many rather small vascular strands, peripheral ones distinctly, central ones more or less distinctly, cylindrically arranged. Stipules inserted on the petiole up to 3 cm from the base, rather caducous, filiform, 2-3 mm. Leaves 3-6-jugate, glabrous to about woolly pubescent. Leaflets ovate to lanceolate, (5-)12-20 by (3-)5-7 cm, subcoriaceous, glabrous or thinly puberulous on the midrib above and on the nerves beneath; base slightly oblique, rounded to subcordate, sometimes attenuate; margin entire; apex acute, more or less abruptly short acute-acuminate; nerves 11-20 pairs (angle 50-60°), straight to slightly curved, not to distinctly and abruptly arching near the margin, nerves and veins often slightly sunken above, prominent beneath; intermediate veins not rarely well developed. Inflorescences axillary, narrowly paniculate, 12-22 cm long, sparsely tomentose to glabrous, main branches up to 1.5 cm, up to 9-flowered; bracts subpersistent, subulate, up to 8 mm. ♂ Flowers slender, 8-9 mm long, short-stalked. Calyx nearly truncate, 3 mm high, tomentose to scabrous. Stamens 7-8 mm long, glabrous, irregularly confluent at the base for up to 2 mm, tube more or less adnate to the disk. Disk 3 mm high, narrowly cupular to cylindrical, rim pilose, truncate to somewhat undulate, rudimentary ovary minute. Infructescences axillary, up to c. 10 cm long, glabrous, with 1-3 fruits; calyx saucer-shaped, triangular, 1 cm diam.; remains of the disk 1 mm high, slightly 6-lobed, fimbriate. Female inflorescences racemose, 6-9 cm long, tomentose. Female flowers 1 cm long, less slender than male ones, subsessile; calyx 4 mm; staminodes 3 mm, connate for less than 1 mm; disk annular, low, long-ciliate; pistil 4 mm, glabrous, ovary tapering into the style. Fruits fusiform, acute, round to slightly triangular in cross-section, 4 by 2 cm, glabrous; pyrene acutely 6-ribbed to deeply furrowed all over the surface; lids c. 3 mm thick; cells small, elliptic to round. Seeds 1-2.
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A tree up to 25 m high. It sometimes has small buttresses. The trunk can be 30-40 cm across. The small branches are slender. On the leaf stalk there is a leafy structure called a stipule which is 3 cm from the base of the stalk. It is thread like. The leaves have 3-6 pairs of leaflets and can be softly hairy. The leaflets are oval and 12-20 cm long by 5-7 cm wide. There are 11-20 pairs of veins in the leaflets and continuing fairly straight towards the edges of the leaves. The flower clusters occur in the axils of leaves. They are 12-22 cm long. There can be up to 9 flowers. The flower buds are greenish white and the petals are white or cream. The fruiting clusters are up to 10 cm long with 1-3 fruit in a cluster. There is a saucer like structure (calyx) around the base of the fruit. The young fruit are green or bluish. They become dark purple black at maturity. The fruit are long and slightly triangular in cross section. They are 4 cm long by 2 cm across. The stone of the fruit has 6 ribs. There are 1-2 seeds inside. The seeds are edible.
Shrub or tree to 20 (–40) m high. Leaflets 3–9, elliptic, acuminate, to 12 cm long; base rounded to cuneate, slightly decurrent; margin entire; lateral veins 8–12 pairs, at 70°–80°, with midrib; stipules caducous. Inflorescence a raceme or panicle to 12 cm long; male inflorescences larger and denser than female. Male flowers: sepals 7–8 mm long, pilose; petals to 13 mm long, pilose outside; stamens adnate to disc; disc to 1 mm high, variable in shape, upper region with long, stiff, spreading hairs; ovary obsolete. Female flowers: sepals 5 mm long; petals c. 7 mm long; stamens 6, adnate to disc; disc less than 1 mm high, 6-lobed, ciliate; ovary pilose. Fruit fusiform, to 3 cm long; seed 1.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 25.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It occurs in dense or dry forest. It grows from sea level to 1,000 m altitude. In Samoa it grows from sea level to 700 m altitude. A small understory tree in lowland and foothill rainforests. It is recorded from Morobe Province and New Britain as well as Malaysia. It grows up to 250 m altitude.
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A canopy or subcanopy tree of dense or dry forest or thickets at elevations from near sea level to 1,000 metres. Usually grows in well developed lowland rain forest.
Rain-forests up to 250 m, fl. June, Aug., and Nov., fr. March, May-Sept.
Grows in rainforest.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses. Produces a damar-like resin. The seeds are edible.
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The seeds have been recorded as edible.
Uses animal food food fuel gum material medicinal oil social use timber wood
Edible fruits nuts seeds
Therapeutic use Sore (unspecified), Rash (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

The tree grows wild from seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Canarium vitiense world distribution map, present in American Samoa, Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, United States of America, and Samoa

Conservation status

Canarium vitiense threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:127555-1
WFO ID wfo-0000583785
COL ID 5X9QG
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Canarium bacciferum Canarium samoense Canarium schlechteri Canarium smithii Canarium vitiense