Canarium vrieseanum Engl.

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Burseraceae > Canarium

Characteristics

Tree 15-25(-31) m by 30-45 cm, buttresses small or absent. Branchlets slender to rather stout, nearly always densely, minutely woolly ferrugineous-pubescent, as are the leaves, inflorescences and sometimes the infructescences; pith with a peripheral cylinder of rather large vascular strands. Stipules inserted on the petiole up to 1.5 cm from the base, often ribbon-shaped, tapering, and falcate, 0.4-1 cm. Leaves 3-5(-7)-jugate. Leaflets ovate to oblong, 7-30 by 3-12 cm, chartaceous, more or less densely fulvous-pubescent on the midrib above and on all nerves beneath, rarely nearly glabrous; base slightly oblique, rounded to cuneate; margin entire; apex rather abruptly, up to 3 cm long, slender-acuminate; nerves rather prominent beneath, 12-18(-24) pairs (angle 55-75°), parallel, straight or slightly curved, more strongly curving towards the margin, gradually and vaguely arching close to it. Inflorescences axillary, narrowly paniculate (male) to racemose (female), 20-30(-60) cm long, 1-3(-5) cm wide, main branches patent, about 1.5 cm long, 3-5-flowered (female ones 1-3-flowered), rarely some basal ramifications strongly developed. Buds fusiform, slender, fulvous-tomentose, closed. Flowers 6-10 mm long, nearly sessile. Calyx 6-8 mm high. Stamens glabrous, in ♂ flowers slightly and irregularly confluent at the base; in female flowers free. Disk in female flowers faintly 6-lobed, 1-2 mm high, fimbriate; in ♂ flowers ovoid, 1 mm high, pilose, with a central canal. Pistil densely pilose, ♂ none. Infructescences ascending to erect, 10-20(-45) cm long, with c. 5-10(-40) fruits; calyx flat, deeply 3-lobed (lobes not reflexed), ¾-1 x/2 cm diam. Fruits ovoid, acute, round in cross-section, 1¾-3.25 by ¾-2.25 cm, reMain ing velvety for a long time; pyrene very faintly 6-ribbed, nearly smooth; lids c. 2½ mm thick. Seed 1.
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A small tree. It grows 15-25 m high. It can be 30-45 cm across in the trunk. Buttresses, if they occur, are small. The small branches are slender and can be covered with brown hairs. The leaf structure (stipule) on the leaf stalk can be 1.5 cm from the base and shaped like ribbons. They can be 1 cm long. The leaves are divided into 3-5 pairs of leaflets which are produced opposite each other. The leaves are about 80 cm long. The leaflets are oblong and 7-30 cm long by 3-12 cm wide. The base of the leaflets is rounded and slightly unequal. The flower cluster can be 20-30 cm long and 1-3 cm wide. The flowers have 3 white petals about 7 mm long. The fruiting cluster can point upwards and have 5-10 fruit. The fruit are oval and round in cross section. They are 1.7-3.2 cm long by 0.7-2.2 cm across. The fruit maintain a velvety appearance. The shell is nearly smooth and with 6 ribs. There is one seed inside.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 15.0 - 25.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

In primary and secondary forests up to 500 m, fl. July-Dec.(-Febr.), fr. Dec.-Febr. (Celebes), March-June (Philip., f. stenophyllum), July-Oct. (Philip., f. williamsii).
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A tropical plant. Only occurs from Mindoro and neighbouring islands in the Philippines. It grows from sea level up to 500 m altitude.
Dense, primary forests and the more open, secondary formations; at elevations up to 500 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses. The wood is said to be rather tough and hard, rarely more soft. The seeds are edible. Locally the resin is used for lighting purposes.
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The kernels of the nuts are eaten raw or roasted.
Uses food material wood
Edible nuts seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Trees are grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Canarium vrieseanum world distribution map, present in Hong Kong, Kenya, Malaysia, and Philippines

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:127557-1
WFO ID wfo-0000583787
COL ID QJSC
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Canarium vrieseanum f. williamsii Canarium williamsii Canarium dolichophyllum Canarium sibulanense Canarium vrieseanum Canarium toncalingii Canarium villosiflorum Canarium vrieseanum f. stenophyllum