Canavalia africana Dunn

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Canavalia

Characteristics

Vigorous woody climber, up to 15 m tall. Leaflets 75-170 x 40-120(-150) mm, ovate, sparsely to densely pubescent; petiole very long, 60-100 mm long; stipules ovate-lanceolate, ± 2 x ± 1 mm. Peduncles very long, 24-42 cm long, with 18-40 flowers, flowers 20-30 mm long; bracteoles obtuse, 1-1.5 x ± 1.5 mm. Calyx thinly pubescent, much shorter than the corolla, upper lip 10-12 mm long, lower lip ± 8 mm long. Corolla purple with white veins, often greenish towards the base; standard suborbicular, 16-20 x 15-18 mm, claw 3-4 mm long; wings obovate, 14-17 x 6-7 mm, claw 3-4 mm long; keel almost equal to the wings, 15-17 x ± 8 mm, claw 3-4 mm long. Ovary narrowly oblong, densely pubescent, 13-15 mm long; style glabrous. Pod linear-oblong, 8-17 x (0.8-)2-3 cm, each valve with the sutural ribs and an extra rib, hairy when young, 6-8-seeded, twisting abruptly to release seeds. Seeds oblong-elliptic, 10-15 x 8-10 mm, brown or reddish-brown marbled with black, hilum extending to more than half the length of the seed.
More
A trailing herb. It grows 3-15 m long. The stems are flattened and have rusty hairs. The leaflets are 6-17 cm long by 4-12 cm wide. They are oval and taper towards the tip. There are soft hairs on both surfaces. The flower clusters are 18-50 cm long. The fruit are pods 10-17 cm long by about 3 cm wide. The pods are densely hairy at first. The seeds are brown. They are 16-20 mm long by 7-11 mm wide.
Leaflets 6–17(23) × 4–12(15) cm, ovate, acuminate to a short blunt tip or elsewhere rarely rounded, sparsely to densely pubescent on both surfaces; petiole 4–13(16) cm long; stipules c. 2 mm long, rather thick.
Pods 10–17 × 2.5–3 cm, linear-oblong, each valve with a sutural rib and an extra rib just below this, densely ferruginous pubescent at first, later somewhat glabrescent.
Standard mauve with white veins and green towards the base, 2.7–3 × 1.7 cm, oblong; wings and keel mauve, white towards the base.
Inflorescences 18–50 cm long, long-pedunculate; pedicels 2 mm long; bracteoles just over 1 mm long, obtuse.
Seeds brown or reddish-brown, sometimes marbled with black, 16–20 × 11–20 × 7–11 mm; hilum 11–15 mm long.
Calyx pubescent; tube 6–9 mm long; upper lip 4–5 mm long, rounded or emarginate.
Stems appressed ferruginous pubescent, glabrescent.
Perennial climber, or stems trailing, 3–15 m long.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows in bare ground and near river banks, open savannah, and the edges of forests. It grows between 280-1,800 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The young fruit pods are cooked and eaten as a vegetable. The seeds are used as a famine food and as a coffee substitute.
Uses animal food coffee substitute cover crop environmental use food forage gene source manure material medicinal poison social use
Edible fruits pods seeds
Therapeutic use Intestinal diseases, parasitic (bark), Anti-poisoning (fruit), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (root), Malaria (root), Narcotics (seed), Anti-poisoning (seed), Scorpion stings (seed), Central nervous system diseases (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Canavalia africana world distribution map, present in Angola, Argentina, Australia, Burundi, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bangladesh, Brazil, Bhutan, Central African Republic, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Cuba, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Guinea-Bissau, Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mexico, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Nigeria, Nepal, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Senegal, Singapore, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Suriname, Seychelles, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Viet Nam, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:483606-1
WFO ID wfo-0000189887
COL ID 5WXRN
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 810182
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Canavalia africana Canavalia ferruginea Dolichos virosus Canavalia ensiformis var. virosa