Canavalia rosea (Sw.) Dc.

Coastal jackbean (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Canavalia

Characteristics

Perennial climber or trailer 1·8–10 m. long.. Stems silken hairy when young, later glabrous.. Leaflets elliptic, oblong-elliptic to almost round, 2·5–9·5(–11·5) cm. long, 1·5–9(–10) cm. wide, obtuse or emarginate but sometimes minutely apiculate at the apex, broadly cuneate, rounded or truncate, rarely subcordate at the base, glabrous to sparsely pubescent on both surfaces or sometimes densely so beneath, margins often ciliate; petiole 2–7(–10) cm. long; rhachis 1·3–3·7(–4·5) cm. long; petiolules 3–5(–9) mm. long; stipules deciduous, lanceolate, 4 mm. long.. Inflorescences hanging or upright, 4–18 cm. long beyond a peduncle 10–21 cm. long; pedicels 3 mm. long; bracteoles 1·5–2 mm. long, obtuse.. Calyx pubescent; tube 7–9 mm. long; upper lip 4–5 mm. long.. Standard pink to purple or bluish-mauve, with a white or yellow area near the base, round or elliptic, 2·5–3 cm. long, 1·5–2·1 cm. wide, emarginate; wings and keel pale magenta.. Pods linear-oblong, moderately compressed, 11·5–15 cm. long, 2·5–2·9 cm. wide, each valve with a sutural rib and also with an extra rib just below it, at first adpressed pubescent, later glabrous, sometimes wrinkled.. Seeds brown, with darker marbling or streaked pale yellow, to almost black, ellipsoid, slightly compressed, longest dimension 1·5–2·05 cm., shorter dimension 0·9–1·4 cm., thickness 5–11 mm.; hilum 7–8·5(–10) mm. long.. The rather pedantic reasons for the controversy over the name of this species are as follows. All hinges on whether Thouars meant to cite Aublet or not. Aublet cites Plumier, “ Phaseolus maritimus fructu duro ”, as mentioned above. Lamarck based his name on Plumier, Plukenet's Phaseolus maritimus purgans also mentioned above and also on Rheede's Catu-Tsjandi, Hort. Malabar. 8: 83, t.43 (1688). Thouars did not cite Aublet but cited Plukenet, Rheede and also Rumphius's “Cacara laut”, Herb. Amboin. 9: 390 (1747), the latter being a different species. It may thus be argued that Thouars did not transfer Aublet's epithet but produced a new name which bars any later transfer of Aublet's epithet under the homonym rule. Plukenet cited Rheede, and Commelin's Phaseolus maritimus indicus, Hort. Med. Amstel.: 276 (1689); Sloane cited both Plukenet's and Commelin's names as synonyms of his own Phaseolus maritimus rotundifolius, Cat. Pl. Jam. 1: 69 (1696), and Sloane's name was cited by Browne as a synonym of his Dolichos maritimus repens, which as mentioned above is itself in turn partly the basis of Swartz's name accepted here. Obviously as Sauer points out all these names are linked together and I sympathize with his use of maritima but the editors of this Flora wish the rules to be followed and in any case rosea is in common use in Africa.
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Robust perennial prostrate creeper with trailing stems up to 6 m long. Leaflets membranous, orbicular to almost round, emarginate, with conspicuous venation below, 25-150 x 15-110 mm, glabrescent below, sparsely pubescent above; petiole 35-90 mm long; stipules ovate, 3-5 x ± 2 mm. Peduncles very long, (95)150-300 mm long, with 8-14 flowers; flowers 14-30 mm long; bracteoles obtuse, ± 2 x ± 1.5 mm, caducous. Calyx pubescent, upper lip 11-15 mm long, lower lip 8-10 mm long. Corolla pale pink or purple; standard elliptic, 20-30 x 15-20 mm, with a green basal eye surrounded by white rays, emarginate, claw ± 3 mm long; wings obovate, 1822 x 5-6 mm, claw 2-3 mm long; keel more or less equal to wings, 18-20 x 6-7 mm, claw 2-3 mm long. Ovary shortly hairy, 15-16 mm long. Pod linear-oblong, slightly compressed, 110-155 x 20-30 mm; 5-10-seeded. Seeds ellipsoid, 15-20 x 9-14 mm, slightly compressed, brown, hilum less than half the length of the seed.
A perennial climbing or trailing legume. It can be 1.8-10 m long. The stems are silky hairy when young. Leaves have 3 leaflets and the central one is the largest. The leaves are smooth, dark green and slightly leathery. The leaflets are oval or round and often with an indent at the top and 2.5-9.5 cm long by 1.5-9 cm wide. The leaf stalk is 2-7 cm long. The flower cluster can stick upright or hang over. It is 4-18 cm long and the flower stalk is 10-21 cm long. The main rear petal is pink or purple often with a white area near the base. The fruit or pods are oblong and compressed. They are flattened and woody. They can be 11.5-15 cm long by 2.5-3 cm wide. Each section of the pod has a rib. The seeds are brown with streaks. The seeds are 1.5-2 cm long, 0.9-1.4 cm wide and 5-11 mm thick. The seed scar is 7-9 mm long.
Herbs, robust, twining. Stems sparsely puberulent. Leaflets obovate, ovate, elliptic, or suborbicular, 5-8(-14) × 4.5-6.5(-10) cm, pilose on both surfaces, base cuneate to rounded, apex rounded, truncate, emarginate, or mucronate. Racemes axillary, to 30 cm including peduncle. Flowers 1-3 clustered at each node. Calyx 1-1.2 cm, pubescent, upper lip semiorbicu­lar, 3-4 mm. Corolla purple; standard orbicular, ca. 2.5 cm, apex emarginate; wings falcate, auriculate; keel oblong, curved, auriculate. Legumes linear-oblong, 8-12 × 2-2.5 cm, apex ros­trate, each valve with extra rib ca. 3 mm from sutural rib. Seeds brown, elliptic, 13-15 × ca. 10 mm; hilum ca. 10 mm. Fl. Jun-Jul.
Perennial climber, or stems trailing, 1.8-10.0 m long; stems silky hairy when young, glabrescent. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate. Leaflets elliptic, oblong-elliptic, somewhat obovate or almost round, glabrous to pubescent on both surfaces, sometimes densely so below. Inflorescences pedunculate, 150-400 mm long. Calyx pubescent; tube 7-9 mm long. Petals standard pink to purple or bluish mauve with a white or yellow patch near base, 30-35 mm long; wings and keel pale magenta. Flowering time Dec.-June. Pod linear-oblong, each valve with a sutural rib and an extra rib below this. Seeds brown, with darker marbling or streaked pale yellow, to almost black.
Leaflets 2.5–12 × 1.5–10 cm, elliptic, oblong-elliptic, somewhat obovate or almost round, mostly rounded to emarginate at the apex but sometimes minutely apiculate, glabrous to pubescent on both surfaces, sometimes densely so beneath; petiole 2–7(10) cm long; rhachis 1.3–4.5 cm long; stipules c. 4 mm long, lanceolate, deciduous.
Pod 11.5–15 × 2.5–2.9 cm, linear-oblong, moderately compressed, each valve with a sutural rib and also an extra rib just below it, appressed pubescent, glabrescent, sometimes wrinkled, c. 6-seeded.
Standard pink to purple or bluish-mauve, with a white or yellow patch near the base, 2.5–3 × 1.5–2.1 cm, round or elliptic, emarginate; wings and keel pale magenta.
Seeds brown, with darker marbling or streaked pale yellow, to almost black, 15–20 × 9–14 × 5–11 mm; hilum 7–8.5(10) mm long.
Inflorescences 15–40 cm long, long-pedunculate; pedicels 3–6 mm long; bracteoles 1.5–2 mm long, obtuse.
Calyx pubescent; tube 7–9 mm long; upper lip 4–5 mm long.
Perennial climber, or stems trailing, 1.8–10 m long.
Stems silky hairy when young, glabrescent.
A nearly glabrous trailing plant
Rose or purple flowers.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.58 - 2.65
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It occurs throughout the tropics and into the subtropics. It is very common along sea shores. It occurs on sandy beaches at high tide mark. It can grow in arid places. They need a well drained soil and a sunny position. It suits hardiness zones 9-12.
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Along sea coasts and on the edges of coastal bushland, often in association with Ipomoea pes-caprae. It is occasionally found inland along roadsides or lake shores.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-11

Usage

CAUTION: The seeds are poisonous raw. The seeds are edible after thorough cooking. They are also roasted ad ground and used as a coffee substitute. The flowers are eaten as a flavouring. They are used in sauces. The pods are edible when young.
Uses animal food coffee substitute cover plant environmental use fixation of sand dunes food food additive forage material medicinal poison social use
Edible flowers fruits pods seeds
Therapeutic use Antirheumatic agents (leaf), Furunculosis (leaf), Malaria (leaf), Antirheumatic agents (root), Common cold (root), Leprosy (root), Aphrodisiacs (seed), General tonic for rejuvenation (seed), Asthma (unspecified), Blennorrhagia (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Parturition (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. The seeds need treatment to break the hard seed coat. They can also be grown from cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Canavalia rosea habit picture by Flor Alex (cc-by-sa)
Canavalia rosea habit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Canavalia rosea habit picture by William Gustave (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Canavalia rosea leaf picture by Rajendra Rajendra Choure (cc-by-sa)
Canavalia rosea leaf picture by Leah Zaki (cc-by-sa)
Canavalia rosea leaf picture by Flor Alex (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Canavalia rosea flower picture by Max Darlis (cc-by-sa)
Canavalia rosea flower picture by Orégan Morisse (cc-by-sa)
Canavalia rosea flower picture by Rajendra Rajendra Choure (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Canavalia rosea fruit picture by Leah Zaki (cc-by-sa)
Canavalia rosea fruit picture by Prakash Rudraraju (cc-by-sa)
Canavalia rosea fruit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Canavalia rosea world distribution map, present in Angola, American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Benin, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Brunei Darussalam, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Fiji, Guernsey, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Hong Kong, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Cambodia, Kiribati, Korea (Republic of), Liberia, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Maldives, Mexico, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Mozambique, Mauritania, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Malaysia, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Niue, Netherlands, New Zealand, Panama, Pitcairn, Peru, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Senegal, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sierra Leone, Suriname, Seychelles, Togo, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Vanuatu, Samoa, and South Africa

Conservation status

Canavalia rosea threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30187778-2
WFO ID wfo-0000189858
COL ID QJX7
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447163
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Dolichos miniatus Mucuna rutilans Canavalia apiculata Canavalia arenicola Canavalia baueriana Dolichos emarginatus Canavalia miniata Canavalia obcordata Dolichos littoralis Dolichos maritimus Dolichos obovatus Dolichos obtusifolius Dolichos roseus Dolichos rotundifolius Canavalia podocarpa Dolichos obcordatus Canavalia moneta Canavalia emarginata Canavalia obtusifolia Dolichos ovalifolius Canavalia rutilans Clitoria rotundifolia Glycine rosea Rhynchosia rosea Canavalia maritima Canavalia obtusifolia var. emarginatus Canavalia rosea