Carallia brachiata Merr.

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Rhizophoraceae > Carallia

Characteristics

Tree up to 50 m by 70 cm. Bark deeply fissured, corky, gray to dark warm-brown, ridges invariably riddled by small black ants, occasionally buttressed and with adventitious roots to 1 m tall. Leaves elliptic-oblong, broadly-elliptic, obovate to obovate-oblong, rarely suborbicular or oblanceolate, 5-15 by 2-10 cm, papyraceous to thin-coriaceous; in the herbarium shining above, rather dull beneath, yellowish green to dark brown, entire, serrate, or denticulate, acute to shortly acuminate (acumen up to 1 cm long), base cuneate; nerves 8-12 pairs; petiole 1 cm. Stipules 1-2.5 cm long. Inflorescences solitary, di-or trichotomously branched, 1-6 cm long, usually shining by secreted resin; peduncles short, up to 2.5 cm. Flowers white or greenish, 3 mm long, shortly pedicelled or sessile. Bracteoles 2 or 3, entirely connate or rarely partially united into a cup at the base of the flower. Calyx deeply (4-)6-7(-8)-lobed, lobes deltoid. Petals suborbicular, obscurely bilobed, crenate, unguiculate, including the claw c. 1.5 mm long. Stamens c. 2 mm long, anthers ovoid, small, filament usually glabrous rarely scaly. Disk annular, obscurely crenulate. Ovary semi-inferior, the free part ovoid, 5-8-celled, each cell with 2 ovules; style filiform 1.5-2.5 mm, stigma discoid, obscurely grooved or lobed. Fruits globose c. 1 mm diam., translucent pink to red when ripe. Seeds reniform.
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A medium sized tree. It grows up to 5-15 m tall. Sometimes it has aerial roots. The bark is cream and thick. It has cracks along it and a corky texture. The branches are in pairs which cross at right angles. It has spreading branches which point upwards. It spreads to 3-6 m wide. It can occasionally have buttresses and aerial roots. The leaves are oval and broad. They are 7-14 cm long by 4-8 cm wide. The leaves are rich glossy green on top. They have a papery texture and the underside is covered with tiny black spots. The midrib is raised underneath the leaf. The leaf stalk is 1.2 cm long. The flowers are small and composed of 5-8 greenish petals up to 2 mm long. The flowers are borne in clusters in short woody stems. These are produced in the axils of leaves or on old wood. The fruit are succulent berries which are green but turn red when ripe. They are 0.6 cm across. The have persistent sepals at their crown. The ripe fruit are edible. There is one seed inside. It is 4-5 mm across.
Trees to 10 m tall. Branches brown, corky. Stipules 1-2.5 cm. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade elliptic, obovate, oblanceolate, or rarely suborbicular, 5-15 × 2-10 cm, papery to thinly leathery, base cuneate, margin entire, serrate, or denticulate, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Inflorescences 1-6 cm, often resinous, usually shining from secreted resin. Flowers shortly pedicellate or sessile; bracteoles 2 or 3, partially connate into a cup. Calyx lobes 6 or 7, deltoid, 3-4 mm. Petals white, suborbiculate, ca. 1.5 mm in diam., apically emarginate and unevenly lacerate. Stamens ca. 2 mm. Ovary bulbous, ca. 2 mm; style ca. 2 mm; stigma discoid, apically 4-8-lobed. Fruit pink to red globose, ca. 5 mm in diam., glossy. Seeds reniform. Fl. winter-spring, fr. spring-summer.
Tree to 20 m high, usually 5–8 m; bark brown, cork-like. Leaves: lamina elliptic, oblong or obovate, 5–15 cm long, 2–10 cm wide, cuneate base, entire margin, acute, acuminate or sometimes obtuse at apex, thin, black-spotted beneath; petiole to 1 cm long; stipules to 2.5 cm long. Inflorescence 1–6 cm long, often resinous; buds spherical. Flowers c. 3 mm long, crowded, sessile or on short pedicels; bracteoles 2 or 3, partially united into a cup. Sepals 1.5 mm long. Petals c. 1.5 mm long, white; lamina suborbicular, emarginate or unevenly lobed. Stamens c. 2 mm long. Ovary bulbous, c. 2 mm long; style 1.5–2.5 mm long; stigma discoid, lobed. Fruit globose, c. 7 mm diam., glassy, pink or red. Seeds reniform.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 3.0 - 6.0
Mature height (meter) 12.5 - 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.2
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in rainforests along river banks and the edges of freshwater swamps. It will grow on a range of soils. It can grow on salty soils or in areas with salt spray. In Indonesia it grows to 1,800 m altitude. In Madagascar it grows up to 1,500 m altitude. In XTBG Yunnan. In Townsville Anderson BG.
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In rain-forest, more rarely in savannahs and edges of freshwater swamp forests, from the lowland up to 1800 m. In swampy forest it may occasionally produce adventitious aerial roots. According to Corner remarkably like a Eugenia. Sometimes flowering in juvenile state.
Lowland wet evergreen forest in Sri Lanka and Madagascar, at elevations up to 1,500 metres. A large canopy tree in New Guinean rainforests.
Grows in coastal monsoon forest, riverine forest, vine thicket, stream beds and seasonal freshwater swamps.
Light -
Soil humidity 10-12
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses. Timber very handsome, moderately heavy, according to Burkill used for building purposes in the Malay Peninsula; it makes very satisfactory picture-frames, and is most suitable for ornamental work, such as veneered panels for railway carriages, being not liable to insect attack. Also in the Philippines it is esteemed for durable cabinet work, for furniture, musical instruments, posts, and structural timber. Unfortunately it is, though of a common tree, nowhere available in quantity.Various minor medicinal uses are known, Burkill Dict. 1 1935 448 .
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The ripe fruit are eaten raw. They are acidic. The leaves are used for a tea like drink. The seeds yield an edible oil.
Uses animal food charcoal environmental use food fuel material medicinal oil ornamental social use tea timber wood
Edible fruits leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Itch (unspecified), Sapraemia (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Tea (unspecified), Throat (unspecified), Stomatitis (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed. The seed should be sown fresh.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 22 - 32
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Carallia brachiata unspecified picture

Distribution

Carallia brachiata world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Bhutan, China, Congo (Democratic Republic of the), Hong Kong, Indonesia, India, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Carallia brachiata threat status: Near Threatened

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:719554-1
WFO ID wfo-0000586012
COL ID R28H
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 706004
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Karekandelia lanceaefolia Karekandelia brachiata Karekandelia calycina Karekandelia celebica Karekandelia confinis Karekandelia cuspidata Carallia baraldeia Carallia brachiata Carallia madagascariensis Carallia multiflora Carallia multiflora Carallia obcordata Carallia symmetria Carallia timorensis Carallia viridiflora Carallia zeylanica Stalagmitis lamponga Bruguiera nemorosa Barraldeia madagascariensis Carallia celebica Carallia cerisopsifolia Carallia ceylanica Carallia confinis Carallia corymbosa Carallia cuprea Carallia cuspidata Carallia densiflora Carallia diplopetala Carallia floribunda Carallia integerrima Carallia integrifolia Carallia lucida Carallia octopetala Carallia scortechinii Carallia sinensis Diatoma brachiata Eugenia cupulifera Petalotoma brachiata Barraldeia madagascariensis Karekandelia multiflora Symmetria obovata Carallia arguta Carallia lanceaefolia Carallia lanceolaria Demidofia nodosa Carallia spinulosa