Carex melanostachya Willd.

Great plains sedge (en), Laîche à épis noirs (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Cyperaceae > Carex

Characteristics

Rhizome with ligneous and slender stolons. Culms 20-50 cm tall, triquetrous, rather slender, smooth on lower part and scabrid near top, clothed with red-brown and bladeless sheaths at base, one side of sheaths disintegrating into reticulate fibers. Leaves slightly longer than or equaling culm, blades 2-3 mm wide, stiff, longitudinally furrowed on costa, involute on margins, mid-sheathed. Involucral bracts leafy, lower involucral bracts longer than inflorescence, shortly sheathed, upper involucral bracts rather short, nearly not sheathed. Spikes 3-6; terminal 1-3 male, slightly contiguous, clavate, 1-2.5 cm, nearly sessile; remaining spikes female, remote, ovate or oblong, 1-3 × ca. 1 cm, slightly densely many flowered, pedunculate, peduncle less than 1 cm. Female glumes fuscous laterally, pale at middle, ovate or narrowly ovate, 4.5-5 mm, membranous, costate, apex acuminate, aristate. Utricles brown-green, obliquely patent, longer than glume (excluding awn), ovoid, slightly inflated trigonous, ca. 5 mm, leathery, glabrous, with several rather concave veins, base broadly cuneate, apex abruptly contracted into a slightly broad and short beak, orifice shortly 2-toothed, teeth straight, smooth. Nutlets broadly obovate or subelliptic, trigonous, ca. 2 mm, base stipitate, apex slightly long mucronate; style base not thickened; stigmas 3. Fl. and fr. Apr-Jun.
More
Plants colonial; rhizomes long-creeping. Culms central, slender, trigonous, 25–65 cm, ± scabrous-angled. Leaves: basal sheaths reddish purple, apex of inner band finely ciliate; ligules 0.7–1.9 mm; blades green, M-shaped, not septate-nodulose, 1.6–3.5(–4) mm wide, smooth abaxially, glabrous or, sometimes, lightly pubescent on apex of inner band of distal sheaths. Inflorescences 6–20 cm; rachis beyond proximal pistillate spikes sharp-angled, finely scabrous; proximal (1–)2(–3) spikes pistillate, not or barely overlapping, ascending; distal spikes erect; terminal 1–3 spikes staminate. Pistillate scales ovate, apex acute to acuminate-awned, glabrous, scabrous-ciliate apically. Perigynia ascending, ca. 14–18-veined near base, veins impressed, broadly ovoid, (4–)4.5–6.5 × 1.9–3.5 mm, dull, glabrous; beak 0.9–1.3 mm, bidentulate, teeth straight, 0.5–0.8 mm.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination anemogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.25 - 0.55
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-9

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Carex melanostachya habit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Carex melanostachya habit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Carex melanostachya flower picture by Шамхалов Магомед (cc-by-sa)
Carex melanostachya flower picture by Шамхалов Магомед (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Carex melanostachya fruit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Carex melanostachya fruit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Carex melanostachya fruit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Carex melanostachya world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Switzerland, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Turks and Caicos Islands, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United States of America, and Uzbekistan

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:300934-1
WFO ID wfo-0000348793
COL ID 5XB4F
BDTFX ID 14047
INPN ID 88669
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Carex bicuspidata Carex ledebourii Carex melanostachya Carex ripariaeformis Carex sulcata Carex bornmulleri Vignea juncoides Carex juncoides Carex nutans Carex nutans var. japonica Carex nutans var. major Carex nutans f. sulcata