Carex sylvatica Huds.

European woodland sedge (en), Laîche des bois (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Cyperaceae > Carex

Characteristics

Plants densely cespitose. Culms pale brown to ivory at base, sometimes with a few brown fibrillose remains of previous year’s leaves, but not densely covered with fibrils; flowering stems 25–110(–200) cm, longer than leaves at maturity, 1–1.3 mm thick, glabrous. Leaves: sheaths glabrous, proximal ones ivory grading distally to light green, all bearing blades, pale hyaline on front; blades flat, (3–)5.5–8.5(–15) mm wide, glabrous on both surfaces, finely scabrous on margins. Inflorescences: peduncles of lateral spikes 5–20 mm, scabrous; peduncle of terminal spike less than 20 mm, scabrous; proximal bracts usually shorter than entire inflorescence; sheaths 20–100 mm; blades 2–3 mm wide. Lateral spikes: 3–5, 1 per node, the proximal well separated, erect to somewhat nodding, distal ones crowded near apex; proximal spikes pistillate with 15–40 spreading perigynia attached 1–1.5 mm apart, cylindric to elongate, 15–60 × 3–5 mm; distal spikes staminate or androgynous. Terminal spike staminate or androgynous with a few pistillate flowers at base, 15–40 × 2.5–3 mm. Pistillate scales white-hyaline with broad green midrib, oblong-lanceolate, shorter than mature perigynia, apex acute, cuspidate, or awned, glabrous. Perigynia green maturing to light brown, conspicuously 2-ribbed but otherwise veinless except for short inconpicuous veins at base, substipitate, tightly enveloping achene, obovoid, 4.5–6 × 1.4–1.8 mm, membranous, apex abruptly narrowed to tubular beak, glabrous; beak bidentate, slender, 2–3 mm, teeth 1 mm. Achenes sessile, 2.2–2.6 × 1.2–1.5 mm. 2n = 58 (Czechoslovakia, Germany, Great Britain, Iberian Peninsula, Poland, Sweden)
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Tufts light green, often dense, shortly rhizomatous, to 60 cm tall. Stems slender, ± 3-angled, smooth, often drooping, elongating to ± 1.2 m at maturity. Leaves < stems, 2-4 mm wide, soft, ± flat; sheaths hyaline, outer ones dark brown. Inflorescence with ± longer narrow leaf-like bracts below and short setaceous bracts above; spikes distant, very narrow, on much longer scabrid filiform drooping peduncles. Male spike usually 1, ± 3 cm × 1.5 mm; glumes narrow-ovate, acute, keel scabrid. Female spikes 3-5, ± 3 cm × 3 mm, very lax-flowered; glumes < utricles, ovate, acute to acuminate, hyaline, light brown with green scabrid midrib. Utricles 4-5 × 1 mm, green to brown, membranous, ellipsoid, trigonous, with two prominent lateral nerves, beak ± 2 mm long, very narrow, sparingly scabrid, bifid; stipe short. Stigmas 3. Nut ellipsoid, trigonous.
Perennial herb, tufted, up to 0.5 m high. Leaf blades 450 x 7-9 mm, flat, glabrous. Culm nodose, 3-angled, 1.5-2.0 mm in diam. Inflorescence a raceme of spikes, 200-330 mm long. Bracts 1 at each node, leaf-like. Spikes 7 or 8, erect or suberect, the largest 35-45 x 6-7 mm. Pistillate bracts (glumes) same length as and narrower than perigynium, lanceolate, 4-5 x 1.5 mm, keel excurrent into 0.5-1.0 mm long scabrid awn. Perigynium suberect, stalked, 4.5-4.7 x 1.3 mm, 3-angled with rounded base in cross section, not inflated, green or golden-brown, membranous, glabrous; rostrum 2 mm long, apex shallowly bidentate. Flowering time Nov., Jan. Nutlet elliptic, 2.3-2.4 x 1.3-1.4 mm, 3-angled, dark brown with lighter angles, surface smooth.
Much like no. 147 [Carex arctata Boott]; perigynia 5–6 mm, the body sessile, obovoid, conspicuously 2-ribbed, otherwise nerveless, the beak slender and nearly as long as the body. Native of Europe, naturalized from L.I. to s. Ont.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination anemogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.55 - 0.6
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light 3-8
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 1-4
Soil acidity 3-5
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-8

Usage

Uses fiber ornamental
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 28
Germination temperacture (C°) 20
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -23
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Carex sylvatica habit picture by dewara (cc-by-sa)
Carex sylvatica habit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Carex sylvatica habit picture by dewara (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Carex sylvatica leaf picture by Yann ABONNEAU (cc-by-sa)
Carex sylvatica leaf picture by Petr Harant (cc-by-sa)
Carex sylvatica leaf picture by Hans-Jörg Dr. Wilhelm (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Carex sylvatica flower picture by Louise Kuntzmann (cc-by-sa)
Carex sylvatica flower picture by Petr Harant (cc-by-sa)
Carex sylvatica flower picture by Hans-Jörg Dr. Wilhelm (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Carex sylvatica fruit picture by jacques maréchal (cc-by-sa)
Carex sylvatica fruit picture by christoph spring (cc-by-sa)
Carex sylvatica fruit picture by Elija Wildberger (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Carex sylvatica world distribution map, present in Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Spain, France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Italy, Nicaragua, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Sweden, Turks and Caicos Islands, Ukraine, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:302516-1
WFO ID wfo-0000351795
COL ID RC62
BDTFX ID 75459
INPN ID 88905
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Carex strigosa Carex sylvatica Proteocarpus sylvaticus Trasus sylvaticus Carex loncholepis Edritria sylvatica Carex sylvatica var. tommasinii Carex sylvatica var. laxula Carex sylvatica subsp. laxula Carex sylvatica f. gracilis Carex sylvatica f. laxula Carex sylvatica f. pumila

Lower taxons

Carex sylvatica subsp. latifrons Carex sylvatica subsp. paui Carex sylvatica subsp. sylvatica