Carpacoce vaginellata T.M.Salter

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae > Carpacoce

Characteristics

A small erect rather rigid dioecio-polygamous herb, many-stemmed from a ligneous root, up to 30 (often 10-20 cm.) high. Stems woody, glabrous below, often branched and papillose-scabrid above. Leaves imbricating, opposite, closely congested in 1-4 successive pairs in the opposite axils, thick, linear, perfoliately linked at the base into a some-what loose funnel-shaped sheathing tube 2-3 mm. long, subpungent-mucronate, scabrid, cartilagineo-papillate on the margins, the female 1-2 cm. long, the hermaphrodite rather shorter. Stipules minute, often absent. Flowers subsessile, solitary in the upper leaf axils. Calyx of 5 equal leaf-like lobes somewhat longer than the ovary, or shorter in the fruiting stage. Corolla 5-lobed, obscurely yellow, often streaked with red. Hermaphrodite Flowers. Calyx lobes spreading. Corolla about 5.5 mm. long, the oblong-lanceolate spreading or recurved lobes hooded at the apex on the upper side, much longer than the tube; stamens well exserted, the filaments arising from near the base of the tube; anthers versatile. Varying in every degree from those with sterile anthers and fertile female organs to fertile males with only a rudimentary stigma, but usually with perfect flowers in which the stigma is thick and only about 1 mm. long. Female Flowers. Calyx lobes erect. Corolla up to 1.5 mm. long, the sub-erect lobes equal to or shorter than the tube. Ovary obconic, 2-3 mm. long, 5-grooved, 1-chambered with 1 basal ovule. Stigma one, almost sessile, densely hairy, greyish or foliaceous, about 1.1 cm. long. Fruit narrowly obovate, 5 mm. long, crowned by 5 persisting calyx lobes. Ovary wall splitting into two layers in the fruit; the endocarp becoming detached with the seed and being furnished with a much swollen tubercle partially embedded at the base.
More
Dwarf shrub, ('bisexual'), ('female'), or occasionally('bisexual') ± ('male'), ('bisexual') ± ('male'), or('male'), many-stemmed, cylindrical to ± rounded, occasionally decumbent, sometimes faintly fetid. Stems (0.1-)0.15-0.4(-0.7) m long, ± much branched (unbranched or sparsely branched in plants resprouting after fire), branches ascending to ± erect. Leaves decussate; blades (7-)10-25(-30) x 0.7-1.5(-2) mm, linear, ± erect, ericoid, semiterete to ± triangular in section, margins scabrid or with stiff whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long; stipular sheath long and funnel-shaped. Flowers mostly solitary, lateral and/or terminal on branches, ± sessile or shortly pedicellate; calyx 5(-6)-merous, lobes 3-8 mm long, lineal-lanceolate), subequal, ± erect; corolla 5(-6, rarely.7)-merous, greenish yellow, reddish brown to dark purplish brown, ('bisexual'), ('male'): tube(1-)1.5-2.5 mm long, lobes (3-)3.5-5(-5.5) x (0.7-)1-2 mm; anthers (1.5-)2-3(-4) mm long;('bisexual'): stigma always shorter, ovary sometimes smaller than in('female');('male'): small rudimentary stigma and ovary present ('female'): tube 0.5-1.5 mm long, lobes 0.5-1.5 x 0.1-0.5 mm, usually hidden between calyx lobes; stigma 1(very rarely 2), (6-)8-12(-17) mm long; ovary c. 2-4 mm long. Fruit green, turning dark grey-brown, (4-)5-7.5 x 2-3 mm, ± obovate, l-(very rarely 2)-seeded; diaspora (3-)3.5-5 x 1.5-2 mm, grey to blackish, often laterally ± compressed, ± elliptic to obovate in dorsal view, rugose to muricate.
Perennial, dwarf shrub, 0.12-0.40 m high. Leaves linear, leaf pairs distinctly connate, margins scabrid or with stiff whitish hairs, ± 0.2 mm long, stipular sheath long and funnel-shaped. Flowers: bisexual or female, mostly solitary, lateral or terminal on branches, subsessile or shortly pedicellate. Calyx 5(6)-lobed, subequal. Corolla greenish yellow to dark purplish brown. Ovary 2-4 mm long. Flowering time July-May. Fruit green turning dark grey-brown, ± 7.5 x 3 mm, obovate, 1-seeded.
Like C. scabra but stipular sheath long and funnel-shaped.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.12 - 0.4
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 5-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Carpacoce vaginellata world distribution map, present in South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:745764-1
WFO ID wfo-0000804230
COL ID RF6Z
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Carpacoce vaginellata