Carpinus caroliniana subsp. virginiana (Marshall) Furlow

American hornbeam (en)

Subspecies

Angiosperms > Fagales > Betulaceae > Carpinus > Carpinus caroliniana

Characteristics

Trees , to 12 m; trunks short, crooked, shallowly to deeply and often irregularly fluted, crowns broadly spreading. Bark bluish gray, smooth to somewhat roughened. Leaf blade ovate or elliptic to narrowly elliptic, (6--)8--12 × 3.5--6 cm, base narrowly rounded to cordate, margins coarsely and unevenly doubly serrate, teeth sharp and slender, secondary teeth almost as large as primary teeth, apex usually abruptly nearly caudate, but sometimes long, gradually tapered; surfaces abaxially usually moderately pubescent, especially on major veins, covered with numerous tiny, dark brown glands. Inflorescences: staminate inflorescences 2--6 cm; pistillate inflorescences 1--3 cm. Infructescences 4.5--12 cm; bracts 2.5--3.5 × 1.5--2.8 cm, lobes narrowly triangular, sharp-tipped. 2 n = 16.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 11.0 - 12.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light 4-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 30 - 365
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -19
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Carpinus caroliniana subsp. virginiana world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Canada, Micronesia (Federated States of), Georgia, Malaysia, Nicaragua, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:274152-2
WFO ID wfo-0000804720
COL ID 5G8V6
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Carpinus betulus var. virginiana Carpinus caroliniana subsp. virginiana Carpinus caroliniana var. virginiana