Carum carvi L.

Caraway (en), Carvi (fr), Anis des Vosges (fr), Cumin des prés (fr), Carvi commun (fr), Cumin des Vosges (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Apiales > Apiaceae > Carum

Characteristics

Plants 15–70(–150) cm tall. Taproot cylindrical, to 25 cm. Stems solitary, rarely 2–8, base without remnant sheaths. Basal and lower leaves oblong-lanceolate in outline, 2–3-pinnate; ultimate segments linear or linear-lanceolate, 3–5 × 1–2 mm. Leaves reduced upwards. Umbels 2.5–6 cm across; bracts absent or occasionally 1–4, linear, 4–11 mm, entire; rays 3–10, 0.6–4 cm, extremely unequal; bracteoles absent; umbellules 4–15-flowered. Calyx teeth obsolete. Petals white or pinkish, base not clawed. Fruit oblong-ellipsoid, 3–5 × 1–2 mm; vittae 1 in each furrow, 2 on commissure. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Jul–Sep. 2n = 20.
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Stems to 55 cm, erect, terete, striate. Petioles to 13 cm, upper ones gradually shorter, uppermost ones absent, all of them with a sheath with membranous margin and auriculate apex; lamina to 13 by 5 cm, oblong, bipinnate, segments divided. Compound umbels terminal to the stems and its branches; peduncles 1-11 cm; rays 5-8, ½-2cm; pedicels 6-14, 1½-5 mm, to 9 mm in fruit; involucres none or 1, subulate; involucels none. Calyx teeth none. Petals to 1¼ by 1 mm, obcordate with short inflexed tips, white. Mericarps 4-5 by 1 mm, often falcate, ribs distinct, yellowish. Stylopodium bipartite, halves low-conical.
A herb. The plant takes two years to grow then flower. It is an erect herb. It grows about 40 cm high. The root is thick, long and tapering like a carrot. It has a pale colour. The leaves are twice divided. The upper leaves are smaller and less divided. The leaves are pale green. The flowers are white. The fruit are oblong and narrow. They usually have distinct ribs. These dark brown fruit are 5-6 mm long. Caraway is more curved and darker in colour than cumin.
Glabrous biennial to 1 m; lfls ovate, pinnately dissected into linear segments 5–15 mm; peduncles 5–13 cm; rays 7–14, ascending, 2–4 cm; pedicels ascending, 1–12 mm; involucel wanting or nearly so; fr 3–4.5 mm, half as wide, prominently ribbed; 2n=20. Native of Eurasia, sometimes cult. and often established as a weed in waste places; Nf. to B.C., s. to Va., Ind., and Mo., commoner northward. June–Aug.
Life form biennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.25 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.58 - 0.6
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) 0.6
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A temperate plant. A hardy plant. It needs a sunny, sheltered position. In Hobart Botanical gardens. It grows in Nepal from 2500-4500 m altitude. It suits hardiness zones 3-10. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
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Moist meadows, arable land and waste places from lowland to mountain elevations.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 4-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 3-8

Usage

The seeds are used to flavour cakes, bread and biscuits. They can also be used in vegetable dishes, pickles and coleslaw. They have a licorice flavour. They are used to flavour various alcoholic drinks. Caution: Alcohol is a cause of cancer. The young leaves are used to flavour soups, meats, cheese and salads. The tender leaves and shoots are cooked as a vegetable. The young roots can be cooked and eaten.
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Uses. Seeds in confectionery, also as medicine; oil from the seeds for making liqueur.
Uses animal food condiment essential oil food gene source material medicinal oil poison seasoning spice
Edible flowers leaves roots seeds stems
Therapeutic use Abdominal pain (fruit), Anorexia (fruit), Anthelmintics (fruit), Antirheumatic agents (fruit), Appetite stimulants (fruit), Cardiomyopathies (fruit), Celiac disease (fruit), Colic (fruit), Cough (fruit), Diarrhea (fruit), Digestive system diseases (fruit), Dyspepsia (fruit), Fever (fruit), Flatulence (fruit), Galactogogues (fruit), Gastrointestinal agents (fruit), Malaria (fruit), Otitis media (fruit), Scabies (fruit), Veterinary Aid (rhizome), Pediatric Aid (seed), Sedative (seed), Abdominal pain (seed), Anti-bacterial agents (seed), Antifungal agents (seed), Antirheumatic agents (seed), Appetite stimulants (seed), Colic (seed), Diuretics (seed), Flatulence (seed), Galactogogues (seed), Gastrointestinal diseases (seed), Gout (seed), Insecticides (seed), Low back pain (seed), Nasal disease (seed), Parasympatholytics (seed), Skin diseases (seed), Stomach diseases (seed), Analgesic (unspecified), Headache (unspecified), Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Bactericide (unspecified), Balsamic (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Carminative (unspecified), Cholera (unspecified), Diaphoretic (unspecified), Digestive (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Fistula (unspecified), Fungicide (unspecified), Lactogogue (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Prolapse (unspecified), Scabies (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Spasm (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Syphilis (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Venereal (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Anus (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Abdominal digestive ailments (unspecified), Abdominal pain (unspecified), Anorexia (unspecified), Antioxidants (unspecified), Appetite stimulants (unspecified), Carcinogenesis (unspecified), Constipation (unspecified), Flatulence (unspecified), Leukorrhea (unspecified), Menstruation disturbances (unspecified), Sexually transmitted diseases (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Vomiting (unspecified), Flatulence (whole plant), Stomach diseases (whole plant)
Human toxicity allergenic (aerial)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It is grown from seed. It does not transplant well.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -40
Optimum temperature (C°) 16 - 20
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Carum carvi habit picture by Elisa Singer (cc-by-sa)
Carum carvi habit picture by Douglas Scofield (cc-by-sa)
Carum carvi habit picture by Tomas Cihula (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Carum carvi leaf picture by Elisa Singer (cc-by-sa)
Carum carvi leaf picture by willem (cc-by-sa)
Carum carvi leaf picture by Michel Lemonnier (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Carum carvi flower picture by Elisa Singer (cc-by-sa)
Carum carvi flower picture by willem (cc-by-sa)
Carum carvi flower picture by Bernd Bouillon (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Carum carvi fruit picture by Erich 🦅 (cc-by-sa)
Carum carvi fruit picture by Martin Bishop (cc-by-sa)
Carum carvi fruit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Carum carvi world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Bhutan, Canada, Switzerland, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Estonia, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greenland, Honduras, Croatia, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Iceland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Moldova (Republic of), North Macedonia, Myanmar, Montenegro, Mongolia, Malaysia, Netherlands, Norway, Nepal, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:839677-1
WFO ID wfo-0000588460
COL ID RHGC
BDTFX ID 14693
INPN ID 89250
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Karos carvi Seseli carvi Ligusticum carvi Carum decussatum Carum gracile Carum velenovskyi Sium carvi Pimpinella carvi Selinum carvi Seseli carum Falcaria carvifolia Bunium carvi Apium carvi Carum aromaticum Carum rosellum Carvi careum Foeniculum carvi Carum carvi f. carvi Carum officinale Carum carvi subsp. rosellum Carum carvi f. gracile Carum carvi f. rhodochranthum Carum carvi f. rubriflorum Carum carvi var. gracile Carum carvi