Caryocar nuciferum L.

Souari nut (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Caryocaraceae > Caryocar

Characteristics

Large trees to 45 m tall; young branches glabrous. Leaves trifoliolate; petioles 4-20 cm long, terete to flattened, glabrous; leaflets petiolulate, the terminal petiolule 7-25 mm long, the lateral petiolules about equal to the! center one, the petiolules glabrous, terete or shallowly canaliculate; blades elliptic, apically acu-minate, the acumen 5-15 mm long, the margins entire to weakly crenate, basally rounded to subcuneate, glabrous on both surfaces, the terminal blade 12-34 cm long, 6-18 cm broad, the lateral blades equal or slightly smaller than the terminal one, the primary veins 8-18 pairs, plane above, prominent beneath, the venation prominulous beneath; stipels absent. Inflorescences clustered racemes; peduncles 6-10 cm long, glabrous, sparsely lenticellate towards the base; rachis 1-4.5 cm long, glabrous; flowering pedicels 4-6 cm long, 5-8 cm thick, glabrous, ebracte-olate. Flowers with the calyx campanulate, ca. 2 cm long, glabrous on the ex-terior, the lobes 5, rounded; corolla ca. 6-7 cm long, elliptic, glabrous, deep red on the exterior, paler within; stamens extremely numerous, over 700, the filaments caducous as a unit, basally united to 2 mm and then dividing into fused groups before becoming free above, the outer ones 7-8.5 cm long including the base, yel-low, the distal portion tuberculate, many shorter inner filaments present from 3.5 cm long and of all intermediate sizes, the inner filaments only apically tuber-culate, the anthers small; ovary globose, 4-locular, glabrous on the exterior, the styles 4, filamentous, 8-9 cm long, glabrous. Fruits subglobose to sublobate, to 15 cm long, the exocarp glabrous, lenticellate, the pericarp very thick and fleshy, detaching from the mesocarp and endocarp, the mesocarp and endocarp envelop-ing the seed to form a large stone ca. 7 cm broad, 5 cm long, the mesocarp be-coming lignified and hard, the exterior undulate with short rounded tubercles, the endocarp with a tuberculate exterior and a hard thin woody interior ca. 1 mm thick; only 1-2 subreniform seeds developing.
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A tall tree. It grows 45 m tall. It has thick buttresses. The leaves have 3 leaflets. The end leaflet is 12-30 cm long by 6-18 cm wide. There are slightly rounded teeth along the edge. The flowers are in groups of 2-8. Flowers open at night. The flowers are very large and deep red. They have large numbers of yellow stamens. The fruit are 10-15 cm across. The nut is kidney shaped. It is about the size of a hen's egg. The nut is large, soft and sweet.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 45.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It suits the humid tropical lowlands. It is a rainforest tree. The flowers are pollinated by bats at night.
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Deep loams and fertile sandy soils in riverside forests.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

The seeds or nuts are eaten raw. They are also roasted or cooked in salt water. They yield an oil that is used for cooking. It is edible. The oily yellow pulp of the fruit can be cooked and eaten as a vegetable.
Uses food material medicinal oil timber wood
Edible fruits nuts seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown by seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 21 - 28
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Caryocar nuciferum unspecified picture

Distribution

Caryocar nuciferum world distribution map, present in Brazil, Guyana, Panama, Suriname, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:828602-1
WFO ID wfo-0000808268
COL ID 5XDHM
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 732872
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Rhizobolus tuberculosum Pekea tuberculosa Caryocar nuciferum Caryocar tomentosum Caryocar tuberculosum Rhizobolus tomentosus Rhizobolus pekea