Casearia gladiiformis Mast.

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Salicaceae > Casearia

Characteristics

Tree up to 25 m high; young branches puberulous, becoming glabrous; bark grey, smooth. Leaf-blade elliptic or ovate, 7-18 cm long, 3-7 cm wide, apex acuminate, acute or obtuse, cuneate and oblique at base, margins usually entire but sometimes serrate-crenate especially young and coppice shoot leaves, coriaceous, glabrous or puberulous on midrib when young, with circular and linear pellucid dots, lateral nerves 7-9, 1/2-angled, curved, more prominent on lower than upper side; petiole 0.1-2 cm long, channelled above, puberulous or glabrous, dark green and shiny. Flowers greenish, in dense, axillary fascicles on a cushion of minute, brown, membranous, ovate bracteoles with ciliate margins; pedicels 1-3 mm long, puberulous. Sepals 5, broadly elliptic, 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, puberulous dorsally. Staminal tube united for about 0.3-0.5 mm and then dividing into 10 fertile stamens and 10 alternating staminodes; filaments 1 mm long, glabrous; anthers ovate, 0.8 mm long, apiculate; staminodes 1 mm long, villous at apex. Ovary ovoid, 1.75 mm long, 1 mm wide, glabrous or with long hairs in upper 1/3; style 0.5 mm long; stigma capitate. Fruit yellowish-orange, angular, ellipsoid capsule, splitting from apex into 3-4 longitudinal valves. Seeds c. 10, ellipsoid or ovoid, 4.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, with pale beige testa clasped by fleshy aril.
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Large shrub or tree up to 15 m. tall.. Bark greyish.. Branchlets ± densely short-hairy, glabrescent.. Leaf-blade (5–)10–18 cm. long, (2.8–)3.5–7 cm. wide, lanceolate or oblong, or subovate-oblong to-elliptic, shortly acuminate or obtuse, base ± oblique, cuneate, or the smaller (sometimes more highly inserted) side broadly cuneate, and the wider one almost rounded, subcoriaceous to coriaceous, firm, glabrous, or fugaciously puberulous on the midrib beneath, with circular and linear pellucid dots, somewhat shining above, entire or undulate, or when young irregularly subserrate-crenulate, with (7–)8–10 pairs of curved lateral veins, these prominent mainly beneath, reticulation rather dense and distinctly raised on both faces; petiole (7–)10–15(–18) mm. long.. Flowers greenish white, in dense axillary fascicles or glomerules on a cushion of minute puberulous bracts; pedicels rather slender, puberulous, (l–)2–4 mm. long.. Calyx-lobes shortly hairy dorsally or glabrescent, (2–)3 mm. long.. Filaments glabrous, or very slightly short-hairy.. Anthers glabrous.. Fruit ovoid-subglobular or ellipsoid, slightly 5–6-angular, splitting from above into 3–4 longitudinal valves, (1–)1.2–1.6(–1.8) cm. long, 0.9–1.2 cm. in diameter.. Fig. 16/B.
Tree, 2.3-24.4 m high. Leaves alternate, petiolate; elliptic or ovate, margins entire, sometimes serrate-crenate; stipules small. Inflorescence an axillary fascicle. Flowers bisexual; sepals 5, broadly elliptic; petals absent; staminal tube united for 0.3-0.5 mm and then divided into 10 fertile stamens and 10 alternating staminodes; filaments linear; anthers ovate; ovary superior, 1-locular with few to many ovules, 3 or 4 parietal placentas; style short; stigma capitate. Fruit yellowish orange, ellipsoid capsule, opening by 3 or 4 valves.
Leaf-lamina 5–17 x 2.8–6.5 cm., coriaceous, lanceolate or narrowly ovate, apex acuminate, acute or subobtuse, cuneate and usually oblique at the base, margins entire or undulate or when young sparsely and irregularly denticulate, glabrous on both sides or puberulous on the midrib when very young, with circular and linear pellucid dots, somewhat shining above, duller below, lateral nerves in c. 9 pairs, slightly prominent on both sides, venation laxly reticulate; petiole up to 1.3 cm. long, channelled above, puberulous or glabrous.
Staminal tube united for about 0.5 mm. and then dividing into 10 fertile stamens and 10 alternating staminodes, glabrous; filaments c. 0.8 mm. long, glabrous; anthers 0.9 x 0.6 mm., narrowly ovate, connective bluntly apiculate; staminodes up to 0.8 mm. long, oblong, villous.
Flowers greenish-white, in dense axillary fascicles on a cushion of minute, brown, membranous, ovate bracteoles with ciliolate margins; pedicels 1–2 mm. long, puberulous.
Seeds c. 10, c. 4 x 3 mm., ellipsoid with a pale smooth testa and clasped by a fleshy lobate aril hiding more than half the seed.
Sepals 5, 2–3 x 2–2.5 mm., ovate, obtuse at the apex, margins membranous, puberulous or glabrescent on the back.
Large shrub or small tree up to c. 8 m. tall; young branches puberulous, soon becoming glabrous; bark greyish.
Receptacle cupular, c. 2.5 mm. wide at the mouth, c. 1 mm. long, from puberulous to villous outside.
Fruit an angular, ellipsoid capsule splitting from above into 3–4 longitudinal valves.
Ovary ovoid, hirsute at least towards the apex; style very short; stigma capitate.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 15.0 - 20.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Rain forest; dry evergreen, riverine and secondary forest; coastal woodland and bushland; usually at elevations up to 600 metres, ascending to 1,700 metres in Kenya.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses medicinal social use wood
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Casearia gladiiformis unspecified picture

Distribution

Casearia gladiiformis world distribution map, present in Kenya, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania, United Republic of, and South Africa

Conservation status

Casearia gladiiformis threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:779565-1
WFO ID wfo-0000923975
COL ID RK2B
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Casearia holtzii Casearia macrodendron Casearia junodii Casearia gladiiformis