Cassia abbreviata Oliv.

Long-pod-cassia (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Cassia

Characteristics

Shrub or small tree 3–10 m. high.. Bark brownish-grey, rough.. Young branchlets glabrous, puberulous or pubescent.. Leaves with petiole and rhachis eglandular, the latter 5–25 cm. long. Leaflets in 5–12 pairs, petiolulate, ovate-elliptic to oblong-elliptic, sometimes elliptic-lanceolate, (1.5–)3–6(–7.5) cm. long, (0.8–)1.2–3(–4.5) cm. wide, rounded to obtuse or subacute at apex, usually ± pubescent or puberulous.. Racemes 0.5–9 cm. long.. Bracts persistent while the flowers are open.. Petals yellow, 1.5–3.5 cm. long, 0.7–1.8 cm. wide.. Stamens 10; filaments of 3 lower each with an S-bend near base and a swelling about half-way along their length.. Pods cylindrical, 30–90 cm. long, 1.5–2.5 cm. in diameter, from velvety to glabrous and blackish, transversely but not longitudinally partitioned within.. Seeds embedded in pulp, brown to blackish, 9–12 × 8–9 × 3 mm., not transversely cracked.
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Leaves paripinnate; stipules c.3 mm long, narrowly triangular, early caducous; petiole 3–10 cm long, glabrous to pubescent; rachis (7.5)11–23 cm long, glabrous to pubescent; petiolules 3–5 mm long; leaflets opposite to subopposite, in 8–10 pairs, 1.7–8.1 × 1.1–4.4 cm (the lowest usually smaller and proportionately broader), ovate to elliptic, apex acute to rounded or retuse, base cuneate to rounded, glabrous or sparsely pubescent above, pubescent to almost glabrous beneath; venation slightly prominent on both surfaces.
A tree. It grows 5-15 m tall. The small branches are brown. They have ridges along them. It loses its leaves during the year. The leaves are compound. The leaflets are opposite in 8-10 pairs. The flowers have a scent. The fruit is a dark brown to black pod. It is 20-100 cm long by 1.5-2 cm wide. It has many seeds. The seeds are dark brown and 12 mm long by 10 mm wide and 3 mm thick. They are broadly oval and flattened and enclosed in pulp.
Stamens 10; anthers and filaments glabrous; 3 stamens with filaments 35–50 mm long, sigmoidally curved in the basal third, swollen above the middle, anthers 5–6 mm long; 4 with straight filaments 7–10 mm long, anthers 5 mm long; 2 with filaments 9–10 mm long, swollen at the base, recurved above, anthers c.2 mm long; one with straight filament 7–10 mm long, anther 2 mm long.
Inflorescences terminal, racemose; axis sparsely to densely pubescent; bracts 6–9 × 2–3 mm, ovate, acuminate, pubescent; bracteoles 3–5 × 2 mm, acuminate, pubescent; bracts and bracteoles present at anthesis.
Ovary 35–45 × 1–1.5 mm including stipe c.10 mm long, linear, densely pubescent, multiovulate; stigmatic chamber subterminal, fringed with stiff hairs.
Pod dark brown to black, 20–100 cm long, 1.5–2 cm in diameter, cylindrical, velvety-pubescent to glabrous, many-seeded.
Calyx lobes 5, 11–13 × 4–6 mm, ovate-elliptic, sparsely to densely pubescent outside and inside.
Seed dark brown, 12 × 10 × 3 mm, broadly obovate, flattened, enclosed in pulp.
Branchlets brown, longitudinally ridged, pubescent to glabrous.
Tree 5–15 m tall.
Petals obovate.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 5.0 - 13.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows in woodland and can grow on termite mounds. It grows between 1-1,520 m above sea level. It can tolerate drought. It is damaged by frost, especially when young. It can grow in arid places. In Zimbabwe it grows in areas with a rainfall between 700-800 mm per year (var. beareana).
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The plant commonly occurs in Acacia-Commiphora bushland and also in woodland and wooded grassland. It is usually found on termite mounds and clayey soils. Found at elevations of 650-1,000 metres in the south of its range.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The leaves are purgative.
Uses animal food charcoal dye environmental use food fuel material medicinal poison social use wood
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds. Seeds are best soaked in boiling water for 20 minutes or left in warm water overnight then sown. Seeds germinate in 4-10 days. It has a long taproot so is best sown directly into the ground or transplanted early.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 7 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Cassia abbreviata unspecified picture

Distribution

Cassia abbreviata world distribution map, present in Angola, Botswana, Kenya, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, Papua New Guinea, Somalia, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Cassia abbreviata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:484036-1
WFO ID wfo-0000214576
COL ID RL6J
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Cassia abbreviata Cassia abbreviata subsp. abbreviata

Lower taxons

Cassia abbreviata subsp. beareana Cassia abbreviata subsp. kassneri