Cassia afrofistula Brenan

Kenyan shower (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Cassia

Characteristics

Shrub or small tree 1.2–6 m. high (? more).. Young branchlets minutely puberulous (in East Africa), soon glabrous.. Leaves with petiole and rhachis eglandular, the latter 7–25 cm. long. Leaflets in 4–9 pairs, petiolulate, ovate to ovate-elliptic, 2–10 cm. long, (1–)1.5–5.2 cm. wide, obtuse or subacute at apex, in Flora area glabrous except at extreme base.. Inflorescence a usually erect large pyramidal terminal panicle up to 30–40 cm. long or more, composed of terminal and lateral racemes (8–)15–38 cm. long.. Bracts all falling while the flower-buds are young, 4–8 mm. long.. Petals bright yellow, 1.5–3 cm. long, 1–2 cm. wide.. Stamens 10; filaments of 3 lower each with an S-bend near base and an abrupt conspicuous swelling a little more than half-way along their length.. Pods subcylindrical or very slightly compressed, usually ± attenuate at base and apex, 20–60 cm. long, 1–1.5 cm. in diameter, glabrous, blackish-brown, transversely but not longitudinally partitioned within.. Seeds embedded in pulp, brown or blackish-brown, 6–8 mm. in diameter, 4 mm. thick.. Fig. 11, p. 63.
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Leaves paripinnate; stipules not seen, probably very early caducous; petiole 1.9–8.5 cm long, glabrous; rachis 9–19 cm long, glabrous; petiolules 2–4 mm long; leaflets opposite to subopposite, in 5–6(8) pairs, 2.5–7.2 × 1.6–3.4 cm, ovate to broadly ovate, somewhat asymmetric, apex acute to rounded, base asymmetrically cuneate, glabrous above, glabrous to sparsely pubescent beneath; venation slightly prominent on both surfaces.
Stamens 10; filaments glabrous, anthers pubescent, 3 stamens with filaments c.16 mm long, sigmoidally curved in the lower third, abruptly swollen above the middle, anthers c.4 mm long; 4 with straight filaments 6–7 mm long, anthers c.4 mm long; 3 with filaments either straight or helically coiled towards the apex, anthers c.1.5 mm long.
Inflorescences of axillary and terminal racemes, held erect or horizontally, often branched; axis glabrous or pubescent; bracts c.6 × 1 mm, linear, puberulous; bracteoles c.2 × 0.5 mm, linear, puberulous; bracts and bracteoles falling well before anthesis; pedicels 2.5–4 cm long.
Pod blackish, 40–44 × 1–1.2 cm, cylindrical, terete, many-seeded; pod wall easily crushed between finger and thumb.
Ovary 16–24 × 1–1.5 mm, linear, pubescent, multiovulate; stigmatic chamber lateral, fringed with hairs.
Calyx lobes 5, 9–11 × 4–6 mm, ovate to elliptic, sparsely appressed-pubescent outside, glabrous inside.
Seed dark brown, shiny, c.6 × 6 × 3 mm, almost circular, flattened, enclosed in pulp.
Petals yellow, 16–20 × 10–14 mm including a 2 mm long claw, obovate-elliptic.
Branchlets brown, longitudinally ridged, glabrous.
Shrub or small tree, 1–4(6) m tall.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.1 - 5.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light 7-9
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses environmental use medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 7 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Cassia afrofistula world distribution map, present in Angola, Argentina, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Bangladesh, Belize, Brazil, Barbados, Brunei Darussalam, Bhutan, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ethiopia, Fiji, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Maldives, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Mozambique, Martinique, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Niue, Nepal, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Singapore, El Salvador, Suriname, Seychelles, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Cassia afrofistula threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:484073-1
WFO ID wfo-0000214680
COL ID RL7C
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Cassia afrofistula