Cassia grandis L.F.

Pink shower (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Cassia

Characteristics

Tree to 30 m., the branchlets pubescent towards the tip, later glabrous. Leaves large, many-foliolate; petiole short, eglandular, tomentose, canaliculate above; rachis up to 30 cm. long, like the petiole; stipules small, linear, caducous; leaflets up to 20 pair, oblong, 3-6 cm. long and up to 1.5 cm. wide, rounded or obtuse apically and basally, somewhat inequilateral basally, entire, tomentose below, more lightly pubescent and darker above, with about 20 pairs of lateral veins; petiolules tomentose, 1-2 mm. long. Inflorescence of several-to many-flowered racemes, axillary from older wood to subterminal; racemes to 20 cm. long, tomentose, the bracts caducous; pedicels slender, about 2 cm. long in lower flowers. Flowers showy, reported pink to white; sepals 5, unequal, oblong, the larger about 8 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, rounded apically, canescent-tomentulose without; petals ovate-orbic-ular, to 12 mm. long, short-clawed, glabrous; stamens 3-morphic, the anthers lightly pilose, the filaments glabrous; 3 lowermost stamens about 2 cm. long, the filaments gracefully arcuate and thickened towards the middle, the anthers basi-fixed, short-oblong, about 3 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, subsagittate below, de-hiscent both apically and basally; 5 median stamens about 1 cm. long, the filaments linear, the anthers ovate-orbicular, about 1.5 mm. long, more or less versatile and dehiscing basally; remaining 2 stamens rudimentary or obsolete; ovary linear, arcuate, tomentose. Legume very large, up to several dm. long and 5 cm. broad, subterete but margined, indehiscent, ligneous, transversely rugose.
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Semideciduous tree up to 20(-30) m high; young branches and inflorescence covered with whitish rusty lanate indumentum. Leaves with 10-20 pairs of leaflets; stipules minute, triangular, subulate, early caducous; petiole 2-3 cm, lanate; rachis 10-25 cm. Leaflets subcoriaceous, subsessile, elliptic-oblong, 3-5 by 1-2 cm, rounded at both ends. Racemes lateral, 10-20 cm long, 20-40-flowered; bracts ovate-elliptic, acuminate, 2-5 mm, caducous; bracteoles similar, but smaller; pedicels 1-2 cm. Sepals ovate-obtuse, 5-8 mm, pubescent on both surfaces, finally reflexed. Petals at first red, fading to pink and finally orange, the median one red with a yellow patch, 10-15 mm, shortly clawed. Stamens 10 with hirsute anthers: 3 long with filaments up to 30 mm and anthers 2-3 mm, opening by short apical and basal slits; 5 with straight filaments, 7-9 mm and anthers 1-1.5 mm; 2 reduced with filaments c. 2 mm. Ovary tomentose, style short, stigma inconspicuous. Pods pendulous, cylindric-compressed, 20-40(-60) by 3-5 cm, keeled dorsally, woody, rugose, glabrous, blackish. Seeds 20-40, ellipsoid, flattened, surrounded by sweetish pulp, 15-20 mm.
A semi-evergreen tree. It loses some of its leaves in the dry season. It grows 20-30 m high. It spreads 5 m wide. The leaves are glossy olive green. They have a fringe of hairs along the edge. The leaves are made up of 14-42 leaflets. The flowers are in upright panicles. These are 20 cm long. They are pink. The fruit are large swollen black pods. These can be 45 cm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 5.0
Mature height (meter) 20.0 - 25.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It is native to C. and S. America. It is best in rich, moist, well-drained soils. It needs a protected sunny position. In Central America it grows from sea level to 800 m altitude. It suits hardiness zones 11-12.
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Open, brushy or forested hillsides or on thinly forested plains, often about dwellings or along roadsides and in pastures, at elevations below 900 metres.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The pulp of the fruit is eaten. It is used in a drink made by cooking the pulp with milk. CAUTION: It can be a laxative. It should only be eaten in small amounts.
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UsesThe pulp is used like that of Cassia fistula but is more powerful. The wood is reported to be strong and handsome and useful for many purposes.
Uses environmental use fodder food fuel fuelwood gum hedge material medicinal ornamental shade wood
Edible fruits pods seeds
Therapeutic use Antipyretics (fruit), Laxatives (fruit), Fever (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Skin(Veterinary) (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Mange (unspecified), Cathartics (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seeds. The seeds need treatment to break the hard seed coat.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 7 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Cassia grandis leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Cassia grandis leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Cassia grandis leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Flower

Cassia grandis flower picture by torres juan (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cassia grandis world distribution map, present in Angola, American Samoa, Australia, Belize, Brazil, Bhutan, Côte d'Ivoire, Cook Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Fiji, Ghana, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Jamaica, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Mexico, Montserrat, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Singapore, Sierra Leone, El Salvador, Suriname, Seychelles, Thailand, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Cassia grandis threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:484607-1
WFO ID wfo-0000163908
COL ID 69CTF
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447036
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Cassia mollis Cassia pachycarpa Bactyrilobium grande Bactyrilobium molle Cassia brasiliensis buc'hoz Cathartocarpus erubescens Cathartocarpus brasilianus Cathartocarpus grandis Cassia brasiliana var. tomentosa Cassia brasiliana Cassia grandis