Cassia javanica L.

Apple blossom (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Cassia

Characteristics

A tree up to 15 m tall. The bark is brown and smooth. The branches are spreading giving an umbrella like crown. It loses its leaves during the year. The leaves are feathery and 15-30 cm long. They are made up of 8-14 pairs of leaflets. The leaflets are 3-5 cm long. They are oval and rounded at the tip. They have short stalks. They are smooth and soft to touch. The flowers are pink and in clusters of about 10 flowers. They are on long slender stalks. The pods are 20-60 cm long and contain 50-75 seeds. The seeds are black and corky and 1-1.5 cm across. They are greenish-brown.
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Trees, deciduous, usually more than 10 m tall, sometimes to 30 m. Leaves 15-40 cm; leaflets 5-12 pairs, 2-8 × 1.2-3.3 cm, both surfaces pilose or abaxially pilose, adaxially sparsely puberulent, base slightly asymmetric, apex acute, obtuse, or shortly acuminate. Inflorescences lateral on short side branches or terminal on young leafy shoots. Sepals ovate or broadly lan­ceolate. Petals deep yellow or pink, 2.5-4.5 × 1-2 cm. Stamens 10, among them 3 abaxial antesepalous with filaments longer than other 7. Ovary pubescent. Legume terete, 30-50 × 0.2-1.5 cm, with annular nodes.
resembles C. agnes but is pubescent throughout and has persistent auriculate stipules at least 1 cm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Usually found at low elevations in more open sites in the forest, but can also occur in closed evergreen primary forest, deciduous monsoon forest and in more open or even savannah-like habitats.
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A tropical plant. It is native to Indonesia. It grows in the plains in India. It suits hardiness zones 11-12. In XTBG Yunnan.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

Seeds chewed with betel pepper leaves.
Uses charcoal environmental use food material medicinal ornamental shade stimulant timber wood
Edible leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Central nervous system depressants (aerial part), Contraceptive agents (aerial part), Hypotension (aerial part), Antifungal agents (bark), Contraceptive agents (bark), Antifungal agents (flower), Anti-bacterial agents (fruit), Antifungal agents (leaf), Purgative (unspecified), Antifungal agents (unspecified), Cardiovascular system (whole plant excluding root), Central nervous system diseases (whole plant excluding root)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds. The seeds need treatment to break the hard seed coat. Plants can also be grown by softwood cuttings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 7 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment scarification soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Cassia javanica habit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)

Leaf

Cassia javanica leaf picture by Yathish Rao (cc-by-sa)
Cassia javanica leaf picture by indu sankhla (cc-by-sa)
Cassia javanica leaf picture by Ankit Pathak (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Cassia javanica flower picture by Steve FAAEVA (cc-by-sa)
Cassia javanica flower picture by Yathish Rao (cc-by-sa)
Cassia javanica flower picture by Charly Rohaut (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cassia javanica world distribution map, present in Angola, Australia, Bangladesh, Belize, Brazil, Bhutan, China, Cook Islands, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Sri Lanka, Mexico, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Mauritius, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sierra Leone, El Salvador, Seychelles, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Taiwan, Province of China, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Cassia javanica threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:484704-1
WFO ID wfo-0000164126
COL ID RLPT
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 456003
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Cassia megalantha Cassia bacillus Cathartocarpus javanicus Cassia bacillus Bactyrilobium javanica Cassia javanica subsp. javanica Cassia javanica var. javanica Cassia javanica

Lower taxons

Cassia javanica subsp. renigera Cassia javanica subsp. bartonii Cassia javanica subsp. pubiflora Cassia javanica subsp. agnes Cassia javanica subsp. microcalyx