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Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc.

Japanese chestnut (en), Châtaignier crénelé (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fagales > Fagaceae > Castanea

Characteristics

Trees or shrubs to 15 m tall. Petiole 0.5-2.5 cm; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, 8-19 cm, abaxially tomentose and covered with yellowish brown to yellowish gray scalelike glands, base broadly cuneate, rounded, or rarely subcordate, margin finely serrate, apex acuminate to acute; secondary veins ending on teeth and often reduced to long bristlelike points. Male inflorescences 7-20 cm. Female flowers 3 per cupule. Cupule 5-6 cm in diam., covered with spinelike bracts 1-1.5 cm. Nuts 2 or 3 or rarely more per cupule, 2-3 cm in diam., apex sparsely covered with appressed pubescence. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct.
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It can be a small bush to a large tree. It can be 15 m tall. It often has several stems. The leaf blade is long and sword shaped. It is 8-19 cm long. There are hairs underneath. There are also yellow-brown scales underneath. The base is wedge shaped or rounded. There are fine teeth along the edge. The male flower is 7-20 cm long. There are 3 female flowers together. The cups are 5-6 cm across. They are covered with spine like bracts. These are 1-1.5 cm long. There are 2-3 nuts per cup. These are 2-3 cm across. There are fine hairs at the tip.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 9.0 - 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It can tolerate wet and humid weather and hot summers up to 30°C. It needs night time winter temperatures of 0-4°C for flowers and fruit. In Hawaii this is above about 1300 m altitude. It is resistant to chestnut blight.
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Foothills.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 2-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 1-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-7

Usage

The nuts are eaten raw. They are also boiled, roasted or seasoned with sugar. If the variety is astringent, the kernels are boiled in salted water.
Uses breeding eating environmental use erosion control experimental purposes food gene source invertebrate food material medicinal ornamental paints timber wood
Edible nuts seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed. Seedlings need transplanting very early.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -23
Optimum temperature (C°) 17 - 28
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Castanea crenata leaf picture by icr (cc-by-sa)
Castanea crenata leaf picture by Fargas Jose Fargas (cc-by-sa)
Castanea crenata leaf picture by Fargas Jose Fargas (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Castanea crenata fruit picture by Juliane Wünsche (cc-by-sa)
Castanea crenata fruit picture by Dan Wilson (cc-by-sa)
Castanea crenata fruit picture by Klaus Möhlmann (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Castanea crenata world distribution map, present in Brazil, China, Spain, Italy, Japan, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, and United States of America

Conservation status

Castanea crenata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30319741-2
WFO ID wfo-0000811268
COL ID RNSP
BDTFX ID 14750
INPN ID 89302
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Castanea stricta Castanea chinensis Castanea pubinervis Castanea crenata f. femina Castanea crenata f. imperfecta Castanea crenata f. pleiocarpa Castanea crenata f. pulchella Castanea crenata f. syakacephala Castanea japonica Castanea kusakuri Castanea crenata f. gigantea Castanea crenata var. femina Castanea crenata var. imperfecta Castanea crenata var. microcarpa Castanea crenata var. pleiocarpa Castanea crenata var. syakacephala Castanea crenata var. caudata Castanea crenata var. dulcis Castanea crenata var. pulchella Castanea crenata var. kawasei Castanea castanea var. pubinervis Castanea crenata var. canescens Castanea crenata var. elongata Castanea crenata var. japonica Castanea crenata var. kusakuri Castanea crenata var. longispina Castanea crenata var. obtexta Castanea crenata var. ookasi Castanea crenata var. pendula Castanea crenata var. quercina Castanea crenata var. siba-kuri Castanea crenata var. stricta Castanea crenata var. tamba Castanea japonica var. canescens Castanea japonica var. elongata Castanea japonica var. kusakuri Castanea japonica var. longispina Castanea japonica var. obtexta Castanea japonica var. ookasi Castanea japonica var. quercina Castanea japonica var. siba-kuri Castanea japonica var. stricta Castanea sativa var. pubinervis Castanea vulgaris var. elongata Castanea vulgaris var. japonica Castanea vulgaris var. kusakuri Castanea vulgaris var. subdentata Castanea sativa var. japonica Castanea crenata f. pendula Castanea crenata
WorldFloraDB 2024